IVANE TARKHAN-MOURAVI (TARKHNISHVILI, TARCHANOFF) –  FIRST INVESTIGATOR IN RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIATION ECOLOGY

K.Nadareishvili, D.Nadareishvili

Scientific Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology

Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia, Tbilisi

"It is my firm belief that there is no science for science... All that exists should become the subject of study for science and all achieved by science should be realized in life". These words of the distinguished naturalist Ivane Tarkhan-Mouravi (Tarchanoff) pronounced at the end of last century not only preadmire our time when science has become a productive force, but also figuratively characterize the entire creative and public activity of a scientist whose motto was "science for life, life for science…..”.

Ivane Tarkhan-Mouravi was born on June 15, 1846 in Tbilisi in the family of a general of Russian army, great grandson of the Georgian national hero Giorgi Saakadze - Didi Mouravi (Great Governor) who had been awarded the title of prince and become tax-free for his great services to his country. Thence comes the double name borne by the descendants of his only son Siausha who had miraculously survived and not shared the fate of his brothers.

Scientist to be, still in childhood, was distinguished by his endowments and exclusively attractive appearance. This is testified not only by his personal archives, and correspondence of that time, but also by press. Already at the age of 10-12 except his mother tongue and Russian he perfectly well knew a few European and Caucasian languages. Alexandre Dumas (Dumas pere) on his journey to the Caucasus paid a visit to the family of Ramaz Tarkhan-Mouravi, the governor of Nukha region and devoted some chapters of his book "The Caucasus" to the rapturous description of his friendship with little Ivane. Here is what he specifically wrote about him: "The boy sowed excellent knowledge of the French language... I was amazed at hallicism in the speech of the boy... It was miraculous and I was charmed by him... I don't even dare call him a child... When I extended both hands to say farewell, the little Prince began to weep: Then I pulled him up and embraced him as my own son. Parting with little Ivane has inflicted me the most severe pain throughout my stay in "The Caucasus" [1].

Cultivation of I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi's talent has been much promoted by manyfaceted primary education and cares of his father who having early become a widower, dreamed of a brilliant military career for his son. To this end, he took him to St.Petersburg, but intellectual curiosity of the fellow and his keen interest in natural sciences induced his father to give consent to his physico-mathematical education at the University against the son's strife to be a doctor. However, a year later together with N.N.Miklukho-Maklai and other students, having later on become distinguished personalities of Russia, he was expelled from St.Peterburg University for the participation in students' meetings and "free-thinking". Nevertheless, I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi thanks to his authoritative father and relatives was allowed to continue his higher education in Rissia. He immediately starts preparations for his dream to come true and in 1864 becomes a student of the Imperial Medico-Surgery Academy.

Still being a student, he starts to pursue experimental work in the field of Physiology under supervision of I.M.Sechenov, publishes papers and two years after graduation from the Academy in 1871, defends doctoral thesis on "The effect of heat and cold on the sensitive nerves of the spinal cord and cerebrum in frogs". He survived throughout his life this interest in the questions of action of various external physical factors on physiological processes in a broad ecobiological aspect. He has made a number of interesting discoveries which are still topical. After defending doctoral thesis he pursued research in the leading institutions in Germany, France, Italy, Austria, etc., publishes independent and joint works with outstanding physiologists of these countries. Apart from physiological laboratories of Holtz and Claude-Bernard, he worked hard and had success in biochemical laboratory of Hoppe-Zeiler, in a Cytomorphological Laboratory of Ranvier, etc. This was prompted by his aspiration to make manyfaceted complex research of physiological processes, gain insight into the physicochemical mechanism and morphological basis of the phenomenon of life.

Upon arrival from prolonged missions abroad, he not only published scientific papers and installed all new, but also widely popularized, achievements in the world science of his time. In 1875 he was elected private docent, in 1877 - professor, head of chair of physiology at the Imperial Medico-Surgery Academy and in 1881 at the age of 35 he is a full member of the Academy, Scientific Secretary of the Academy.

Exclusively omniferious are the scopes of research, pedagogical and public activities of I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi. Neurophysiology and rehabilitation, problems of social and professional Sanitary, physiological bases of hypnotherapy and psychophysiology, evolutional physiology and roentgen therapy, plant physiology and radiobiology, microcirculation and hormonotherapy, ecology and balneology, hematology and social aspects of medico-biological problems - this is hardly a complete list of areas of natural sciences wherein the scientist's inquisitive mind and width of thought found their embodiment in innumerous discoveries and epochmaking research.

A great number of papers and scientific-biographical investigations [2-18] have been dedicated to the life, research, pedagogical and public activities of I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi. However, many of his discoveries, having become classic, are known to the majority of contemporary biologists and physicians not in association with the author. There is some fault for it of the author himself: the phenomena discovered by him were so much laconically, figuratively and essentially determined that the author remained in shadow. Suffice it to mention skin-galvanic or psycho galvanic reflex.

It is hardly possible to name the fields of biology and medicine where this phenomenon has not been employed as one of the criteria or tests. The relevant device is being serially manufactured, yet not all know that this discovery belongs to I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi. Tarkhanoff reflex appears to be one of the many findings in the field of neuro- and psychophysiology bringing to the author worldwide fame. Now let's take research in the field of microcirculation. In the late 19th century the idea of the structure, regulatory mechanisms and biological significance of this region of vascular bed was far from the truth. The author of theory of cellular pathology Rudolf Virchow regarded that the stellate cells and fibers of connective tissue contain hollow spaces directly associated with the lumen of blood and lymphatic vessels, in the system of cavities he assigned a crucial role in feeding the cells and tissues "Serous vessels" through which conduction of only plasma and lymph without formed elements was admitted were believed to have a crucial role in realization of nutritive function in blood- and lymph formation, they were accepted as a conjunctive link of these systems both between each other and with the intercellular space. It is of interest that these ideas were based on "convincing histological findings". In the handbooks and textbooks of that time were described the schemes and mechanisms of functioning of this "triple relation". And in 1875 in Parisian Journal of Normal and Pathological Physiology, and later in a number of journals of Russia and European countries I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi publishes a series of morphophysiological investigations which fundamentally alters the then available views, once and forever resolving this problem. He discovered that between the blood- and lymphatic vessels there are no direct anatomical connections, nor is between these systems and intercellular space. It was such a big landmark in physiology that enabled to characterize it as the transition from the level of knowledge of Harvey to the current view of the vascular system [15], embracing the period of almost half a millennium.

In the given paper we have no possibility to consider even the basic physiological studies by I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi. However, one cannot help emphasizing one exclusively important feature of the entire scientific activity of the distinguished scientist. Any physiological, general biological or psychological phenomenon, once it had fallen into the scope of interests of I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi, not only found a comprehensive treatment on the basis of cumulative knowledge in the most diverse fields of science of that time, but also received manyfaceted evaluation and detailed analysis from the point of view of practical medicine and health care. To illustrate the above statement one may give examples related at least to some of the discoveries that had been dealt with above. Pioneer of skin-galvanic reflex has employed it as a diagnostic and psycho physiological test in the most diverse diseases, detecting not only its genuine clinical value, but also perspective of this method in all those areas of medicine where it is so widely applied nowadays. In psychology and physiology of emotions these fundamental investigations proved to be epoch-making [11,12,17,18].

Extremely intriguing seems retrospective analysis of works by I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi from present-day position, the so-called reflex therapy; as regards his discoveries in the field of microcirculation, in this aspect, noteworthy are the facts of disturbance of structural intactness and permeability of closed systems of lymph- and blood circulation, found by him in inflammatory and other pathological processes. A propos, it was during inflammation that he had revealed the effect of reflex enhancement from the periphery (peritoneum, mucosa, skin) on the cardio-vascular system and other vegetative functions, made comprehensive assessment of the significance of this hyperactivity in pathogenesis and formation of symptoms of a number of diseases. In current literature, unfortunately, it is rarely mentioned that some of the fundamental clinical theses of S.P.Bodkin are based on experimental findings of his friend I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi in the field of applied physiology and general pathology.

Naturally, not all the problems tackled by I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi lead to brilliant discoveries. There was success and failure, enthusiasm and disappointment, but persistent search did not cease. Moreover, any at first sight unsuccessful experiment was subject to such a detailed assessment that there sprang out new projects, new prospective trends of research, new generalizations and strikingly astute basic ideas. Here is one of the many characteristic examples. It is commonly known what a huge resonance had the discovery by P.Zion and K.Ludwig of the depressor nerve of aorta. After reiterative discussion with S.P.Bodkin of the commonly accepted point of view concerning the role of depressor nerve as a single mechanism preventing the development of hypertension and some other disorders of the cardio-vascular activity, I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi pursued search of the ways for the creation of an experimental model of cardiovascular pathology. In chronic experiments, that per se were rather a rare event in that time, by means of transaction and prolonged chemical stimulation of the depressor nerves he made an attempt to reproduce in rabbits hypo- or hypertension similar to clinical forms. Study of the physiological mechanisms related to depressor nerves might also serve as an example that T.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi followed scientific trends of Chair of Physiology at St.Peterburg Imperial Military-Medical Academy started by P.Zion, who had headed chair before him. However, in his experiments many general conclusions associated with the name of his predecessor at the Chair have not proved to be right. Though perennial search continued, no publications appeared. Only in 1882 in supplement to M.Foster's handbook he submitted some findings on the normal development of rabbits subject to bilateral transaction of the depressor nerves and summarized his observation in the following way: "Function of the depressor nerves is thus a frequent occurrence of depressive influences rather spread in the body and without which the rabbits organism can do well with impunity" [19]. Only half a century later Hering discovered another nerve sub serving, in addition to other functions, depressor function as well. As to the depressor reflexogenic zones and respective nerves in other regions of the vascular bed and in the heart itself, they were discovered considerably later. Only retrospective analysis of similar facts and astute conclusions of I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi in the most diverse fields of natural science would call for special study.

Particularly valuable gift in I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi was his keen interest in the search of novel on the junction of various disciplines, his ability to react to achievements and discoveries almost in all fields of science of his time, his persistence to make use of recent data for the resolution of topical tasks of practical medicine, biology, his commitments to promote social progress through the popularization of scientific knowledge. One of the characteristic examples of this kind is radiobiology.

 As is known, in 1895 Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen for the first time informed about his outstanding discovery at the Christmas session of Vurzburg Society of Physicists. This sensational news spread very fast all over the world. In many physical laboratories equipment was feverishly made to reproduce experiment of Roentgen.

Over 500 scientific and pseudoscientific communications have appeared for only one year. Mysterious X-rays stirred up increasing interest, since according to the information of the author of the discovery and his followers including physicians having observed the experiments, X-rays yielded reflection of bones and dense tissues on photo films and fluorescent screen not eliciting any perceptions.

Already a month later after this sensational news in research institutions of Russia similar investigations were started. The fact is noteworthy that on the initiative of the Society of Russian physicians and of St. Petersburg Biological Laboratory scientific reports were made with demonstration of experiments on physics of X-ray radiation and the question of its practical application for diagnostic purposes was commonly discussed. In spring of 1896 during discussion after similar lectures P.F. Lesgaft, who headed then St. Petersburg Biological laboratory, requested I.R. Tarkhan- Mouravi to express his view on the possible effect of X-rays on the process of life and suggested to carry out joint biological experiments. In his speech I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi emphasized that it was necessary, first of all, to determine whether X-rays affected metabolism, the course of evolvement of animal and plant organisms and excitability of living organisms and tissues. This actually was the first research project with broad radiobiological targets and the scientist started its realization right away.

In view of the fact that in physiological laboratories of the Russian Academy of Sciences where I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi carried out his experiments there was no device for "obtaining X-rays" he decided to take advantage of summer holidays and work in physical laboratory where the device was available and free for his use. Having received permission from the authorities to work there and refraining from summer rest, I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi convinced a physician L.K.Kulyabko to be his assistant in X-ray experiments. Preparation for the pending experiments was rather tense. By evidence of his contemporaries he took interest in everything related to X-rays, beginning with publications and newspaper reports in all European countries, including engineering questions of service and repair of the device "for obtaining X-ray", preparation of biological material, chemicals, etc.

And in September of 1896 there appeared first results of the summer X-ray expedition as his interest in this problem was christened by a close circle of friends. Three papers appeared first in Proceedings of St. Petersburg Biological Laboratory [20], then in two issues of S.L. Botkin Hospital Paper [21-23] where one can read: "...the present communication is, for aught I know, first attempt of the aspirant to prove that X-rays can be used not only for photographing and diagnostical purposes, as has been known so far, but they can also affect the course of vital functions... It would not be a wonder if in the near future X-rays would be used for curative purpose..."

"Get a grasp of this lines. What is there in them? greatness or rather modesty", wrote in 1966 academician A.M. Kuzin [24] one of the leaders of Soviet radiobiology. Or, “His investigations became a milestone in the studies of biological impact of ionizing radiation. There was vast number of discoveries, sensations, defeats. But this was the beginning, birth of radiobiology”.

The basic radiobiological studies of I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi, summarized in the same year of 1896 in a reprint [23], apart from containing the facts found by him for the first time, make an attempt to explain the mechanisms subserving the events observed. Naturally, from the current point of view some interpretations of these works seem outdated, but the objectives, project of further research and above all, methodological approach of the pioneer in the field of radiobiology are quite up-date. It must be borne in mind that all this happened only shortly after the discovery of roentgen, when disputable was not only the physical nature of radiation itself, but also the site of "discharge of X-rays" Tarkhan-Mouravi has not succeeded in studying all the questions and tasks posed by him in his papers, but his aspiration to radiobiology in the very broad sense, he preserved to the end of his life. From 1896 to 1908 over 30 papers devoted to the problems of radiobiology appeared in the Russian, German and French scientific and popular journals, 5 of them were published as separate off prints. Furthermore, in a number of physiological, sanitary and even social and journalistic papers of I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi one can see parallels and arguments about X-rays and irradiation. The last work of I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi that has been published after death of its author deals with radiobiology as well. Retrospective analysis of individual works by I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi is hardly reasonable in the present paper, although some general views related to radiobiology might perhaps stir up certain interest.

 Methods of radiobiological investigations were thoroughly, in all details elucidated by the scientist already in the papers of 1896. In spite of their being 150 year old, even nowadays no claims can be made as to the detailed formulation of tasks and methodical realization, except for accurate dissymmetry which was then out of question. Not always, even in our days, one can read in radiobiological papers "each series with roentgenisation of animals was accompanied by control experiments, in which animals were kept quite under the same environmental conditions minus but X-rays... The only conceivable difference, hard to be removed... "in the opinion of Tarkhan-Mouravi, consists in heating the surrounding air and the biological subject. In this relation he carried out special experiments in which thermo effect was expected to affect the radiation in different direction - either enhancing or impairing it. On the basis of those experiments he concluded that the biological effects revealed by him were not dependent on heating the object during "roentgenisation". A propos, this term, commonly employed until the recent time, had been introduced by I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi. In the footnotes of his paper he wrote: "I'll thus refer to the process of exposure of the whole body or its parts to X-rays; the word "roentgenisation has the equal right to existence as "galvanization".

 I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi devoted so much attention to the methods of research that in the next year of 1897 he published a series of papers [25-28] dealing with the methods, techniques of roentgenography and experiment while working with Crookes tube. He suggested to use a special screen consisting of ground connected aluminum sheet coated with "lead paper". He thought that grounding was necessary in order to be protected from electrical action of X-ray source. The screen and experiments with X-rays were demonstrated by him to the meeting of biological community in Paris in 1897 [28] and he was perplexed by the fact that in France as well as in Germany and other countries, where he happened to be, they ignored shielding means while working on roentgen devices. The reason for this was, in his opinion, lack of knowledge about "physiological action of X-rays and incidence of development of skin inflammation among physicists and physicians. The latter, in his opinion, is far from being the most dangerous of possible consequences of irradiation with Crookes tube.

 I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi was always keen on improving technically biological experiments and medical examination. He was the author of a number of novel methods including exsanguinations method for the measurement of human blood volume, measurement of the velocity of "movement of nervous excitation", electro stimulation, etc. Perhaps not all know that still in 1878 he, for the first time, employed the telephone for neurophysiologic studies [29, 30]. N.E.Wedensky [31] indicated that I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi while currying out experiments with a telephone because of its poor quality could not directly "hear" biocurrents. But he devised a very interesting experiment. Through the examined object he passed weak current with the frequency 500Hz which did not cause any stimulation but was distinctly heard on the telephone. Potential of the nerve or muscle was modulated by loudness of this tone depending on the polarity of "action currents". It was perhaps not difficult at all for the scientist, who was a refined musician-violinist, to pick up these shifts. This is evidenced by his findings in the field of nervous-muscular physiology that cannot only be accounted for by the current concepts, but also are impeccable from the descriptive point of view. Moreover, biophysical and physiological interpretation of his findings are authentic [11].

 I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi had never been infatuated by the method for the sake of method. Every methodical novelty including novelty in radiobiology, was prompted by his intention to gain insight into the mechanism of a biological event, approach the multiaspect resolution of medico-biological problems from the position of a naturalist and a citizen striving to put scientific achievements to the service of community. As an example may serve departments of rational catering of population, emergency medical aid for plague and plague vaccination, etc. organized by him at the world exhibition in Paris in 1900. "For this he was awarded order of a Legion of Honor".

"Animal behavior under X-rays". This is the heading of the first radiobiological scientific section [20]. It is quite natural that I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi begins stating the results of his observation with the most common physiological test. This is the basic principle of his world view - always crave to conceive biological expedience of any behavioral act, any motivation. He found that "roentgenisation for a quarter of an hour " had a "calming effect" in frogs causing a dramatic reduction of general motor activity. This effect was confirmed almost a century later. X-rays had a similar effect in flies and butterflies. However "upon approachment of Crookes tube the animals manifest anxiety, become excited and assemble in those sites of the glass vessel where silent electrical discharges and X-rays cannot reach". Similar effect of radiation "escape" in various animals was rediscovered but half a century later [31], while the significance of electrical and electromagnetic fields attending the generation of X-rays which is referred to by I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi as "silent discharges" and "electric action of Crookes tube" was ascertained only in the 60s of this XX century [32].

 Naturally, there was then no notion of the dose rate. Approachment of the source of radiation to a biological object the scientist considered as the cause of appearance of "unheard" or "silent" discharges, likewise the appearance of electrical discharge when two adversely charged bodies are drawn nearer. In the publications of 1896-1897 a decisive role in the "escape" effect, "calming" and "stimulating" action of X-rays" had been attributed to the electrical effect of Crookes tube. He regarded that this effect was dangerous for man and animals. All this led to the development and persistent propaganda of protecting screen, that has been spoken of above. In the same year appeared his papers on the "electrical effect of Crookes tube"... [26,27] where in addition to the questions of a possible mechanism of "escape", "calming" and "stimulating" effects, it is conjectured by Tarkhan-Mouravi that skin inflammation and hair fall-out, except for X-rays, may be caused by the action of electric field on vital processes. In more details these issues had been discussed in his numerous works that appeared after the discovery of radioactivity, while in his paper "Physical energies of nature as having curative power" [34], published as back as in 1898, to the number of external stimuli, apart from mechanical, clinical, thermal, photic and electric, the scientist attributes also ionizing radiation not associating this action with the "electrical" one or with "silent discharges". Making an attempt to explain the physiological mechanisms of "escape" effect, calming or stimulating action of X-rays" and "physical phenomena" attending the use of Crookes tube, the scientist based his views on the achievements of almost all fields of natural science of his time and with the emergence of latest evidence or discoveries, radioactivity in particular, endeavored to evaluate their significance from the position of his own concept on the role of "physical events and natural forces in vital processes". This and many other of similar works may individually be considered from the position of physiotherapy and balneology. However, we restrict ourselves to stating here that bearing in mind the effect of X-rays on the metabolism, processes of evolvement and excitability, the scientist considered it reasonable to use ionizing radiation and in particular Crookes tube for the treatment of a number of diseases, especially of malignant tumors. This view was put forward and the author tried to substantiate it experimentally in his papers of 1896-1897.

The effect of x-rays on animal's reflex activity. Under this subtitle I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi starts propounding his experimental data which in fact are his first attempts to comprehend the physiologic mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation on behavioral acts [20]. He found that exposure to X-rays for 15 min or longer both in intact and decapitated frogs caused a marked attenuation of excitability or a total suppression of acidic reflexes. In order to exclude the plausible effect of radiation on the receptor apparatus of the skin of extremity in one series of experiments the tested extremity was screened, while in another screening was made of the spinal cord. These experiments confirmed that "impairment of reflexes" after X-ray exposure depends neither on analgesia nor sensitive skin surface of the body, but on its moderating effect on the central nervous system itself. The same experiments have demonstrated that during X-radiation of the exposed spinal cord the suppression of Turk's acidic reflexes is far more stronger, for, in this case, conditions are "more favorable for the X-rays to penetrate into the spinal cord".

 On the basis of these experiments it has been inferred that the changes in animals behavior, described above, are due to the action of radiation on "irritability", reflex activity of animals. It should be emphasized that in these experiments the scientist found individual divergence in sensitivity to X-rays, as well as the significance of the initial level of"irritability" and he made an attempt to explain the biological mechanisms of these events. Moreover, in 1896 he for the first time posed a hitherto topical problem of modifying the effect of radiation exposure by physiologically active substances and, what is especially important, the problem of alteration of reaction of biological systems of the irradiated body to the action of a variety of pharmacological drugs.

 In this respect experiments with the application of strychnine dealt with in the section "Roentgenisation and strychnine tetanus" deserves attention. I. Tarkhan-Mouravi found that after injection of 4-50 μg strychnine sulphate into the spinal lymphatic duct in the 15-30 min irradiated frogs seizures either did and develop at all or were quite faint, while controls often perished from "strychnine tetanus". It should be noted that experimental and control animals in this case, were selected by their weight, sex and color of skin. Control experiments were also carried out with irradiation of strychnine solution itself.

 The scientist noted that "the strychnine solution itself exposed to X-rays did not at all change its poisonous power" and that "antiseizure effect of X-rays is due to their action on the animals" [20]. Similar "antiseizure" effect was observed if strychnine was introduced just before irradiation or after it, on the face of appearance of first sings of seizures. These experiments lent support to the conclusion that "thanks to a decline in excitability of the CNS under X-rays one can fight, to certain extent, against the burst of strychnine tetanus [20]. It should be emphasized that these experiments served as a basis for a further search of means modifying the radiation effect, and of physiological mechanisms for changing reaction of the irradiated body to pharmacological drugs and hormones.

 Not going into details of retrospective analysis of this issue, it could be only stated that these endeavors had prompted Tarkhan-Mouravi to suggest in 1905 a method of combined application of roentgenotherapy and so-called organ therapy [35, 36]. In the works – "On theoretical basis of helpful combination of roentgen- and sperminotherapy" published in 1908, already after the death of the scientist [37] one can come across censure on this issue that are in tune with the times.

 In the experiments with strychnine there is one more, in our opinion, very important aspect. It as already one hundred years that the question of the so-called stimulating or excitatory action of ionizing radiation has been studied, but it is still the point at issue. Even the assumption could not be disregarded that there are specific ionizing radiation receptors, not speaking of other plausible triggering mechanisms from receptors of different modalities up to gustatory bulbs and association areas of the cortex. In order to resolve this question almost the whole up-to-date methodical arsenal has been employed. Yet in none of many a work of this kind was an attempt made to analyze findings of I.R. Tarkhan-Mouravi who, as back as in 1896, resolved the question with a witty and convincing method. By means of strychnine injection he caused enhancement of excitability and against this background exposed frogs to short-lasting X-rays. It was discovered that "...the onset of short-term roentgenisation coincided with the burst of tetanus, and this recurred sometimes several times in succession". Further he writes: "I am firmly convinced that these coincidences are not occasional and that at definite extent of enhancement of reflex irritability a sudden fall of X-rays may serve as a stimulus..." [22]. If in the paper published in Proceedings of St.Petersburg Biological laboratory Tarkhan-Mouravi considered "silent discharges" and electrostatic effect of Crookes tube as the cause of animal's avoidance of radiation and its exciting action, in his work [23] published two months later in the same year (1896) he writes: "all doubt about the interference in these experiment of silent electrical discharges of Crookes tube or mechanical oscillations and the liking must be excluded, since the relevant precautions have been taken against the interference of all these factors in the described event" (p.789).

 Thus, according to I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi, X-rays acting on "irritability", increasing or decreasing excitability of nerve cells depending on the "intensity of roentgenisation and time elapsed after its completion", may themselves be stimulus, but for a distinct manifestation of this effect it is necessary "to increase irritability by strychnine". He is biased to regard that "without strychnine X-rays can exert stimulating effect through the "central nervous acts" accounting for the above discussed behavioral reactions to irradiation and some other changes in "reflective activity" by X-rays. However, in the papers of 1896 describing "the effect of X-rays on the color of skin of Rana temporaria" he considers that the question is not clarified yet and is in need of further study. I.Tarchan-Mouravi paid attention that irradiated frogs, including those "strychninized before or after exposure to X-rays", ... "being then placed in light and in water, in an hour or two acquire vivid dark colouring, depending, of course, on relaxing and widening of pigment cells of the skin. This phenomenon usually disappears on the second or third day. It has not been clarified yet whether it depends on the direct effect of X-rays on the periphery of body, or is a result of the central nervous act..." [20]. In his later papers Tarkhan-Mouravi several times reverted to this issue and was prone to consider most of neuroradiobiological effects, revealed by him, as a consequence of preferential direct "moderating" action of radiation on the CNS. Radiosensitivity of the neurons and of the nervous system in a whole remains still a subject for discussions; however, the newest data confirm the views of I.R.Tarkhanoff. The multi-organ damages, characteristic of the radiation disease, as evidenced by the recent data, in many senses are connected to the primary deterioration of the functions of the nervous system, on expense of the primary cerebro-vascular disorders among the other ones [47].

Effect of x-rays on the heart and blood circulation. I.Tarchan-Mouravi explored a variety of subjects, wishing to cope mainly with two tasks. On the one hand he was interested in the questions of reaction of myocardial and smooth muscle cells, as well as nervous elements that regulate the cardiac activity and adequate blood circulation to tissues. On the other hand, he hoped to check in these experiments his hypothesis about chemical nature of the effect of X-rays on the physiological processes that are underlined by primary processes of absorption of X-rays by the cell lipids. Activation of metabolism, in his opinion, should lead to enhancement of heart rate and intensity of cardiac contractions, an increase in blood flow in vascular vessels, while during inhibition of metabolism an inverse picture must be observed. However, experiments with irradiation of extirpated beating heart of frog in situ, as well as of vessels of the tongue and mesentery did not yield the expected results. The effect could not be detected either during whole-body irradiation of animals or irradiation of isolated regions of ciliated epithelium. He endeavored to resolve these points also from the position of general biology, irradiating a variety of subjects, including higher plants and water plants, observing the effect of X-rays on "sap flow in the cells of Vellisneria spiralis", etc but in all cases a negative result was obtained, i.e. X-rays had no effect on these physiological processes. Nevertheless he did not renounce his hypothesis, regarding that the equipment he used was not "powerful enough" to detect the effect. He writes that all the effect of X-rays from Crookes tube, used by them, is "restricted by the sphere of CNS in relation to which X-rays play a role of moderating, retarding agent" [20, p.51]. The same view was advocated in another paper [22] published in 1896, where he writes that "their preferential, if not exclusive action X-rays direct towards cerebral nervous centers" (p.786). This point of view having but a historical importance cannot be encountered in his works published since 1896. Moreover, under "moderating" or "retarding" action he meant inhibition or suppression of physiological processes in cells.

 The Effect of X-rays on the embryonic development, as is known, has been first studied on the fertilized eggs of lampreys. "Intermixing and dividing at random into approximately two even parts the lampreys' eggs fertilized at one go, one lot was every day subject to 1/4 h exposure to X-rays twice a day, while the other, control one was left in the same section of room under equal conditions of lighting and temperature. A single thoroughly done experiment yielded that unexpected result that from the lot of roentgenized eggs a single animal was thatched, while from the control - several dozens" [21, p.755]. The scientist considered this result so much important that in summary of his works of 1896-1897 [21, 22, 28] with X-rays, he emphasized the necessity of further carrying out similar experiments on a variety of subjects.

The radio-ecological investigations of I.R.Tarchanoff cover a wide spectrum of the studies, united by the common objective – ‘…to elucidate a role of the radioactivity and radioactive rays in biology and in treatment of the ailments’. Realization of this goal was initiated by him as soon as the natural radioactivity was discovered. However, he could get radium for his physiological experiments" only after his visit to Paris at the World exhibition. In 1902 in the letter to his friend Ch.R.Richet he complained that "radium was too little" and he could not complete experiments in the same subject as had been carried out with X-rays. In 1903 he published three communications under a common heading quoted at the beginning of this paragraph [38]. In these papers, about 50 pages, the author makes an attempt to evaluate the evidence reported in the literature and his own observations in a wide aspect of general biology, as well as practical aspects of the use of natural radioactivity in medicine and agriculture. They were followed by publication of scientific and popular papers concerning the effect of radium beams on various biological processes and organs in animals [39-44, 46]. Getting familiar with these works one can not only judge about the author's great pursuits of the problems of biological action of ionizing radiation, but also understand the reasons for his persistent research in this field. On the one hand he hoped that while studying "...changes in physiological processes, evoked by natural and artificial active rays, there opens up a possibility of unveiling and cognition of the essence of vital processes", and on the other hand, "to use irradiation for the purpose of solving important practical tasks in health care, agriculture, etc."

 As a characteristic example can serve a joint paper of I.Tarchan-Mouravi and F.Mauoldenhauer [45], published in the Bulletin of Krakov Academy of Sciences.Later on the paper has been translated from French into English with brief comments [46, p.180-185], however, in radiobiological, in particular in phytoradiobiological literature these findings, unfortunately, have never been considered. This work entitled "On natural and artificial radioactivity of plants and its role in their growth", is a result of a number of long-lasting experiments, as indicated by the author, "on germinating seeds and the plants themselves in various periods of growth". The basic findings of the authors, and even some aspects of their scientific interpretation appear to hold a certain interest from the point of view of up-to-date phytoradiobiology. Here are some of them.

 According to the data of I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi and F.Moldenhhauer, germinating seeds of pea, as well as cereals - wheat, barley, oat, rye, etc. after exposure to radium emanation, the method described elsewhere, "become obviously radioactive, that is evident from their ability of discharging electroscope and affecting the photographic films. One pole of the seeds appear always more radioactive than the other. It is just the pole where root of future plant develops". In view of the fact that the exposure to radiation occurred in water by means of circulating in the air containing radium emanation, the authors make a conjecture that the radioactive substance is incorporated into the developing cells of the plant, but after several days this "induced radioactivity" again recovers the "initial level of natural radioactivity of seeds". Similar data were obtained in young plants, including the effect of radium bromide on different parts of plants. The authors prove that the "induction" of radioactivity occurs largely in the roots, and, thence "it is reduced progressively ascending to the leaves and blossoms". Natural radioactivity in germinating seeds is also concentrated in the roots. By exploring dry seeds, straw and roots, as well as the effect of high temperature, it was established that radioactivity in plants "is merely a physical phenomenon" and "is not a vital phenomenon. Radioactivity in plants they associate with the radioactivity of soil and give as an example the results of their study of medicinal herbs grown in Tsarskoe Selo. The authors write: "Analyzing these medicinal herbs, we always find them more radioactive than those cultivated in other less radioactive soils".

 "There naturally arises a question whether radioactivity has any role to play in the life of plants, in their development". I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi considered that the answer to this question was the matter of future, but at the same time he brings up some examples of the so-called stimulating effect of radiation on the organism of animals and plants. Curative effect of radioactive baths, acceleration of development of eggs of a variety of animals (experiments by A.Baume), ability of radium of causing, at a certain stage of incubation partanogenesis, experiments with the cultivation of plants in the radioactive soil, yielding "wonderful results by rich crop of the obtained culture", etc. I.R.Tarkhanoff considers as a manifestation of stimulating action of the small doses of radiation on the cells of plant and animal organisms. This is a first instance of postulation of the radiation hormosis, which is viewed by him as an ‘adaptive’ response of the plant and animal cells to radiation impact On the other hand, depression of the spinal reflexes, phase alterations in insects’ and frog’s behavior, as well as radiation-induced blockage of the fertilized eggs’ development in fish and death of the embryos, occurrence of the radial ulcers, alopecia, etc., he considers as a result of “disorder in the chemical basis of vital activity of the cells” at the expense of absorption of radiation energy by the lipids of cellular sheath, organelles and nuclei.

In his last work "On theoretical basis of usefulness of combination of roentgen- and sperminotherapy", analyzing general biological aspects of "stimulated and inhibited, enhanced and decreased resistance" of the organism, etc. under the effect of various physical powers of nature, I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi advanced a number of novel ideas and devised concrete plans for experimental resolution of these theoretical questions in the light of requirements of practical medicine of that time. He proves that the events observed at roentgenization feeling of indisposition, headaches, cardiac weakness are due to the formation as a result of radiation of various "poisonous substances", including neurine and choline. Spermin, being, in his opinion, a catalyser "converts these poisons into harmless compounds". The project of future investigations in this direction he failed to realize. I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi died at the age of 62 before this paper was out of print.

Russian intelligentsia paid tribute to its distinguished representative. Burial service took place at Alexander-Nevski lavra. At the burial ceremony an obsequial address was delivered by I.P.Pavlov who succeeded him as head of Department. He was also chairman of ad hoc session of Society of Russian Physicians, in memory of I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi. Similar sessions were held in other cities of Russia. In the newspapers, scientific journals and other popular publications appeared long obituaries describing the many faceted research and pedagogical activities of the distinguished physiologist, an honorary member of physiological societies of Paris, Vienna, London, Rome, New-York and other research centers. In 1908 a sculpture of I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi was erected at the Pasteur Institute and in 1912 I.P. Pavlov chaired the ceremony dedicated to the opening of stele at his tomb.

Great is the contribution of I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi to popularization of the scientific of his knowledge time, organization of women's society in Russia, propaganding the cultural heritage of his time. He was a close friend of leading figures in Russian science: D.I. Mendeleev, I.M. Sechenov, S.P. Bodkin and others, was in friendly relations with the honor of Russian literature A.P.Chekhov, a great writer A.M.Gorki, a great artist I.E.Repin, who made a several splendid portraits of the scientist.

In the history of Georgia, its science and education I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi has a special place. He was one of the bonds through which European culture was brought within the reach of the Georgian people oppressed by autocracy. He sought the ways of social progress and release from the tsarist yoke. The duty of Georgian scientists is to make immortal the name of the great scientist and public man not only by erecting monuments to him, naming the societies and streets by his name, granting scholarships and awards, but also by development of those fields of science the pioneer and founder of which was I.R.Tarchan-Mouravi (Tarkhnishvili).

This, first of all, is concerned with implementation of the common ideology and determining objectives in the studies of radiation influences on the vital processes, postulated by I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi. He insisted that complex investigation of biological mechanisms of radiation impact must serve the four major goals: a) development of the methods for use of radiation in order to control the vital processes in the organisms, b) search for scientifically grounded principles of defense, prevention, and pharmacological correction of the possible disorders in the normal physiological processes, induced by radiation, c) development of the methods for implementation of radiation in treatment of various diseases, and d) usage of the biological effects induced by radiation, in order to understand an essence of the life proper. Actually, this is a far-fetching program for modern radiobiology, proposed by I.R.Tarkhanov over a century ago, which has no match even today. Therefore claim of some specialists about crisis in radiobiology, hardly could be accepted as a grounded one.

It is widely adopted that current radiobiology is a complex scientific discipline, which studies action mechanisms of every kind of ionizing and non-ionizing irradiation at all organizational levels of the biological systems – from molecular to population ones. The population level radiobiological investigations some researchers view as independent scientific discipline – radiation ecology. Evidently, this is not an entirely correct view, notwithstanding the fact that without radiobiology and biology, as a whole, the term ‘radiation ecology’ has no sense. It is even worse when radiation ecology is substituted for mapping the regions according to their radiation contamination, although without these measures assessment of a real area for radiation ecological studies is impossible

Radiobiology, as well as a whole biology, studies adaptive processes and regularities of an organism’s maintenance in its habitat, which are connected to an essence of the life per se and its radiation modification. Radiation ecology, as well as ecology as such, is far deeper notion than a mere biological task. It covers essential elements of engineering, agrarian, biological, and other types of technologies intended for safeguarding and monitoring the radiation hazard for a biota as a whole, including maintenance the health of human population, improving quality of their life, and creation guaranties for stable development of civilization in conditions of natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment. Thus, radiation ecology is a multi-disciplinary science, connected with the multi-profile technologies, which are based on achievement of nuclear physics, chemistry, complex of  engineering, biological and medical sciences, general ecology, sociology, risk analysis, etc. Radiation ecology covers almost all specific problems of general ecology, which are concerned with radiation and has a number of specific directions. For example, physiological radiation ecology, which studies dependence of vital processes of certain organisms on a level of radioactivity or external radiation in their habitat; behavioral or ethological radiation ecology, which studies behavioral responses of certain organisms to increased radioactivity of the natural environment and their habitat; population radiation ecology, which studies distribution and migration of the radionuclids in plant and animal populations, on the one hand, and between these populations and their habitat, on the other; communal radiation ecology, which studies principles of organization and functioning of animal and plant communities in the radioactively polluted regions and migration of the radionuclides, in a wide holocoenotic aspect; applied radiation ecology – a complex scientific-technological direction, which develops scientifically-grounded principles and legal documents for individual and social behavior, economic activity, measures for deactivation, and other methods for protection of population and habitat in the regions polluted with the radionuclides; theoretical radiation ecology, which carries out the studies of modeling regional and global radio-ecological situations concerned with various accidents of the radionuclide-generated pollution of different origin. There are also some other, more narrow, subdivisions at a margin between the above divisions, which ensure internal connections and unity of this direction of the research.  

In conclusion it should be noted that E.Odum was the first scientist who, in the 1950s generalized the works in this domain, established respective laboratory, introduced the term ‘radiation ecology’ and attached to this multi-disciplinary science modern trends of development.

Personal example and wide scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravi, his enlightening, pedagogical, and social activities strongly influenced development of various scientific branches in Georgia. Special impact was reflected in foundation of the ecological medicine and radiobiology, radiation ecology included. The first radiobiological investigations in Georgia were carried out in the early 20s of the XX century. These studies were concerned with medical practice and, specifically, with curative action of the radon springs of Tskhaltubo resort. From the current point of view, the radiobiological investigations were conducted after the nuclear assault on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and since emergence of the threat of nuclear wars. Many scientific institutions of various Georgian organizations were, to different extent, involved in these studies. For example, Institute of Physics, Institute of Inorganic and Electrochemistry, Institutes of Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology, and other Institutes of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, as well as number of Instituted of the Ministry of Health (Institutes of Medical Radiology, Institute of Oncology, Hematology, and Institute of Resorts), Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, and research laboratories of the institutions of the higher education of Georgia.

Georgian radiobiological school, in modern sense of the word, began development in the 50s, in the I.Beriatshvili Institute of Physiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences. Academician Beritashvili outline the program of experimental studies concerned with the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. The choice of this direction was not accidental, because even during the WWII, Beritashvili and his colleagues carried out the complex investigation of an impact of the blast wave on the organisms of animals; the military patients with contusion, were investigated clinically in the hospitals of Tbilisi. This was the first large interdepartmental complex scientific Project in realization of which physiologists, pathophysiologists, morphologists, biochemists, psychiatrists, physicists and other specialists took part: from Institute of Physiology (I.Beritashvili [48-51], P.Kometiani [52], S.Narikashvili [53]), Tbilisi State Medical Institute (A.Bakuradze [54], A.Lezhava [55]), Tbilisi State University (A.Bregadze [56]), Institute of Psychiatry (A.Zurabashvili [57]), Institute of Physics (E.Andronikashvili [59]), Georgian Polytechnical Institute, as well as physicians of military hospitals, functioning in Tbilisi during the WWII.

In order to execute these researches, in the Institute of Physiology, Department of Biophysics was established; the head of the Department was appointed Prof. G.Vatsadze. Initially it was planned to study the irradiation modification and correction of the physiological functions, bearing in mind the general assumption of the studies by I.Tarkhan-Mouravi – “On Physiological Influence of the Roentgen’s X-rays”. At a later time, on the basis of the Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physiology, three independent laboratories have been established – Biophysics, proper, headed by M.Zaalishvili, General Radiobiology, under supervision of G.Vatsadze, and Radiation Physiology, under supervision of K.Nadareishvili, who was authorized to fulfil the scientific-organizational works. The special radiobiological building with attached vivarium was built; in these quarters action of incorporated radio-nuclides and chronic action of external irradiation were to be investigated. However, initiation of the complex radiobiological investigations failed. Soon Professor G.Vatsadze deceased and the two radiobiological laboratories were merged together, which, because of construction of the new building of Institute of Physiology, were transferred to the remote district of Tbilisi, into the fairly old and almost run-down building. Since then an independent activity and foundation of the experimental quarters of the Department of Radiobiology did initiate. Later on the Department was transformed into the scientific Center. This transformation was feasible because the researchers of the Center fulfilled number of large scientific programs in the domain of the complex studies of deterioration of the functional mechanisms and protection in conditions of extreme neurotropic- and cardio-circulatory influences. Besides, monitoring of health of the general population and organized population groups has been executed. Earned thus funds and financial recourses allotted by the Georgian Committee for Science and Technology, were used for repair of the Center’s building, construction of the laboratory animals breeding facility, additional attachment to the building of space for library, information, technical facilities, workshop, etc. Part of this money was used for purchase of essential equipment and measuring devices.

During the following several years Department of Radiobiology substantially expanded its activity – both, scientific and organizational. Within the Department a Scientific Counsel for Radiobiology and Permanent Commission for Isotopes and Radiation, Presidium of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, were established. These units provided coordination of scientific and applied activities in all organization of Georgia, which were concerned with radiation studies. The Commission executed also training and licensing of the specialists, who thereafter were permitted to work in this kind of activity throughout Georgia. Since 1971 the Center regularly publishes periodical – “Radiation Studies”, which became a leading Georgian journal uniting the specialists of this sphere. Through the reorganization and unification of the Department of Radiobiology, Institute of physiology, and of Permanent Commission for Isotopes and Radiation, Presidium of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, in 1990 a Scientific Research Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology was created at the Georgian Academy of Sciences. The center retained functions of the Permanent Commission. In addition, at the Center was opened the Dissertation Counsel, which reviewed and officially confirmed scientific degrees of Candidate and Doctor of Sciences in “Radiobiology” and Radiation Ecology”. In 2005, following reorganization of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, the Center was subordinated to the Georgian Ministry of Education and Science, with rights of the Legal Functionary within the Civic Rights Institution. The Permanent Commission for Isotopes and Radiation was reorganized into the Georgian National Counsel of Radiobiology and Radiation Security.

In 2006 the 160-year anniversary of the birth of I.Tarkhan-Mouravi, 110-years since publication of his fundamental works, and 15-years of foundation of the Scientific Research Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology, Georgian Ministry of Education and Science, were celebrated. The present volume is dedicated to the jubilation dates and provides brief summary of the works executed.

From the first days of foundation of the Center of Radiobiology and radiation Ecology, investigations were made and are still in progress, in biomedical aspects of impacts of ionizing- and non-ionizing radiations at almost all organizational levels of the biological systems, as well as, radio-ecological studies concerned with assessment of the radiation risk and radiation safety of the Georgian population. These investigations cover general trends in development of the problem – radiation and life, the outlines of which and general ideology were are clearly shown in the pioneer investigations of I.Tarkhan-Mouravi.

The basic directions of the studies in the Scientific Research Center of radiobiology and radiation Ecology, Georgian Ministry of Education and Science, are the following:

A) Radiation neurobiology. Physiological and neurochemical mechanisms of ionizing- and non-ionizing radiation on the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system have been studied and are still s subject of further scrutiny; specifically, the electrical activity of the various structures of the nervous system was evaluated. The studies encompassed not only the early manifestations of the radiation pathology after irradiation, but also the primary alterations of these processes directly during irradiation, with an aid of the telemetering and remote control methods of recording [59-63]. Separate and joint impacts of ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields of the wide range of frequencies, and other risk-factors, on emotional-motivational and aggressive behavior, memory and their neurochemical and hormonal correlates, were studied as well [64-84]. Besides, action of radiation. vibration, stress, hypomagnetic fields, and other physical factors were studied in the sleep-waking cycle and other integral nervous functions [85-88], imprinting in the chicks, etc. [89-98], were studied so far. In the Center was developed an electronic data-base – WIN ISIS-RN - of the abstracts of practically all works in neuroradiobiology, published worldwide, starting from the works by I.Tarkhan-Mouravi, till 2000. According to these materials, respective bibliographic guidebook has been published [63]. On the server of the Center there are accumulated catalogue and full text electronic library of virtually all recent works on impact of radiation on the central and autonomous nervous system; this literature was downloaded from the internet and further additions are made thanks to the INTAS support and authors of conceptual publications;

B) Radiobiology of the cardiovascular system. Alterations of systemic and brain circulation, phase structure of the cardiac cycle, variability of the heart rhythm and other neuroautonomic and hormonal mechanisms were investigated in both radiation pathology of different severity and directly during the radiation action; these were studied under the action ionizing and non-ionizing irradiation [99-115]. The Center possesses electronic database of the abstracts of almost all existing works on radiation cardiology, present in the world literature of 1896-2000 – WIN ISIS-RC, containing about 2000 sources. Like in the part on the radiation neurobiology, respective bibliography, concerned with an impact of radiation on the cardiovascular system, has been compiled and published [113]. Likewise, a permanently expanded full-text electronic library of essential works on an impact of radiation on the cardiovascular system does function; these works include cerebral hemodynamics and neuro-autonomous regulation of the cardiac rhythm;

 C) In the domain of the cellular radiobiology the following aspects are studied:

1) Mechanism of influences of ionizing and non-ionizing irradiation on development and survival of the artificially fertilized amphibian eggs and alteration of the electrophysiological parameters of the blastomeres in the process of cleavage. Investigation of ionic transport through the blastomeres and bipolar membranes of the isolated skin of frog, as well as in the irradiated normal and tumor cell cultures [116-124];

2) Action of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and some other risk-factors on the functional state of the red blood system by means of analysis of the population spectra of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. To this end original, fully automated method was implemented, which permits quantitative evaluation of the biological resources or pathological changes in cells, etc. [125-133]. This original methodology could be used for solution of a number of the bio-medical tasks, e.g., for premorbid revealing of the red blood system stress during the impact of various pathogenic factors, for assessment of degree of the ecological and professional risk, as well as for evaluation of the life quality and health of the organized population groups – military servicemen, school students. This method allows, also, assessment of the sportsmen’s fitness in any specialty, including the doping-control and professional selection in various domains of the human activities [133]. The full text description of this method is available on the Center web-site;

 

D) Molecular radiobiology: Impacts of radiation and radioprotectors on a structure and function of proteins, lipids, DNA, and other physiologically active substance, with an aid of the monomolecular technique, microcalorimetric, conductometric and other methods [134-146];

E) Radiation ecology: The wide-range investigation of the radioecological outcome of the Chernobyl disaster is studied on a practically entire territory of Georgia. These studies imply mapping of the zones of radio-nuclide contamination and dynamics of the radiation levels, as well as of morbidity dynamics in the population in different regions, and assessment of a risk degree; the later studies were initiated immediately after the Chernobyl NPP disaster and are continued to this date [147-170]. In the meantime the Center is executing a large project concerned with the radio-nuclide contamination and development of a system for hydro-chemical monitoring of the Kura river basin, Georgia. The Project [G#1294] is supported by the International Scientific and Technological Center; duration of the Project - three years;

F) Radiobiological Informatics: A structure and dynamics of the global informational streams, concerned with fundamental and applied problems of the radiobiology and radiation ecology are permanently studied in general aspect, as well as in the aspect of specific interest of the Center concerned with publication dynamics in radiation neurobiology and cardiology. The topics’ spectrum of the open reports of the scientific research- and of experimental-engineering enterprises, are permanently analyzed. These materials cover those published by the USSR All-Union Center for Scientific-technical Information and the Abstracts of doctoral and candidate dissertations supported and preserved in special library [107,154,171]. Along with the above data and bibliographic collections [63,114], a number of vade-mecums and bibliographic collections on prophylaxis and treatment of the radiation lesions [173,174], on means and methods of treatment of the radiation diseases [175], on radio-protectors [176], anthropogenic pollution of the biosphere [177], radiation ecology [178,179], etc have been compiled. In the framework of the Program “British Books for Managers” the modern guidebooks, dictionaries, computer terms, abbreviations, and other editions on ecology [180], computer technologies and internet [181], as well as other branches of science, technology and management [182-187] have been translated into Georgian. Abstracts of these publications are presented at the Center site:

Total of 15 Doctoral and 32 Candidate dissertations were defended by the workers of the Center. The results of above studies are generalized in these dissertations. These problems are especially actual in the contemporary Georgia and hence are actively investigated by the workers of the Center, with an aid of principally new ideologies and complex, fully automated, methods, which are based on the original systemic solutions, correct mathematical apparatus and adequate algorithm. This basis permits revealing, analysis, and assessment of the factual material, with an aid of the modern informational technologies.

The Center has founded and still keeps running the Academy of Ecological Sciences of Georgia with its periodical – “The Problems of Ecology”. The Academy has its branches in all regions of Georgia and special departments in Tbilisi for the main directions of ecology, radiation ecology included. The other information concerning the Center could be found at sites – http://www.radiobiology.org.ge

In the meantime represents a highly technological and compact scientific research experimental unit, which is able to carry on research in fundamental and applied problems, concerned with the action of different ionizing and non-ionizing radiation types and in development of the new general principles of monitoring the population health, with consideration of geological relief, life traditions, feeding rations, and genetic fund in different regions of Georgia. The Center sustained a potential for becoming important link in scientific and informational provision for the complex state endeavors targeted at solution of short- and long-lasting tasks for the probable incidents of any kind.  

REFERENCES:

1.  Александр Дюма (отец). // Кавказ. Путешествие Александра Дюма. Перевод П.Роборовского, выпуск II, Тифлис, 1861, главы 3–33. \\ A.Dumas. The Caucasus. Journey of Alexander Dumas. Transl. on Russian by P.Robovskii, Part 2, Tiflis, 1861. Chapters 3-33.

2.  К.Д.Эристави, Е.М.Семенская. И.Р. // Тархнишвили – жизнь, научная и общественная деятельность. Грузмедгиз, Тбилиси, 1953. // K.D. Eristavi, E.M.Semenskaia. “I.R. Tarkhnishvili: life, scientific and public activity”. Georgian Med. Publ. Tbilisi, 1953, pp. 260, p.78. Monograph in Russian.

3.   М. Г Саакашвили. //  Иван Рамазович Тархнишвили (Тарханов), Тбилиси. 1963. Изд. Цодна. \\ M.G.Saakashvili. Ivan Ramazovich Tarkhnishvili. Tbilisi, “Codna”, 1963. Monograph in Russian.

4.  Академик И. Р. Тархан-Моуравов (некролог). Газ. «Новое время», № 11645 от 13 августа 1908  г. \\ Academician I.R.Tarchanoff (obituary). Newspaper –  "The New Time" (Russia), No 1145 of 13 Aug. 1908, p.4.

5.  Д.Б. Окc. //  Академик И.Р.Тарханов. Попул. мед. журн. д-ра Окса, № 8, 14–16, 1908. \\ In: Academician I.R.Tarchanoff. Popular Medical journal of Dr. Ochs, No 8, 14-16, 1908. Article in Russian.

6.  И.Р. Тарханов – физиолог. Большая энциклопедия. Т. 17, стр. 301, «Просвещение», СПб, 1905. \\ I.R. Tarchanoff - physiologist. Big Encyclopedia vol. 17, p.301, Education, St.Petersburg, 1905. Article in Russian.

7.  N.О. Cybulski. // Professor Dr. Kniaze Ian Tarchanow-Mourawow. Gaz. Lekarsky    (Warsh.), Ser. II, 28, № 52, 987–992. Article in Polish.

8.  И.Е. Репин. // Письма к Е.П.Тархановой-Антокольской и И.Р.Тарханову. Изд. «Искусство», Л.-М., 1937. \\ I.E.Repin. Letters of E.P.Tarchanoff-Antokolskaia to I.R.Tarchanoff. Publ.  House "Art", Leningrad, Moscow, 1937.

9.  И.С. Бериташвили. // Вступительное слово на юбилейной сессии, посвященной 50-летию со дня смерти И. Р. (Тархнишвили). В сборн. Научное наследие И.Р.Тархнишвили (Тарханова). Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 5–8. \\ I.S.Beritashvili. Opening address at the jubilee session dedicated to 50th anniversary after the death of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, p. 5-8. Article in Russian.

10. С.Ш. Авалиани. // Философские взгляды И.Р.Тархнишвили. Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1957. \\ S.Sh. Avaliani. Philosophical views of I.R.Tarkhnishvili. Publ. House of Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1957. Article in Russian.

11. Н.Н.Дзидзишвили. // Нейрофизиологические работы П. Р. Тархнишвили. В сборн.: Научное наследие П. Р. Тархнишвили (Тар¬ханова). Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 49–72.\\ N.N.Dzidzishvili. Neurophysiological works of I.R.Tarkhnishvili. In: Scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. of Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, p. 49-72. Article in Russian.

12. О.И.Табидзе. // О системе психологических воззрений И. Р. Тарх¬нишвили. В сборн.: Научное наследие Н. Р. Тархнишвили (Тархано¬ва). Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 73–94. \\ O.I.Tabidze. In: Scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. of Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, p.73-94. Article in Russian.

13. А.Н.Бакурадзе. // Вопросы физиологии и патологии пищеварения в трудах И.Р. Тархнишвили и его учеников. В сборн.: Научное насле¬дие II. Р. Тархнишвили (Тарханова). Нзд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 1)7–126. \\ A.N.Bakuradze. Physiology and pathology of digestion in the works of I.R.Tarkhnishvili and his pupils. In: Scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarkhanov). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, p. 117-126. Article in Russian.

14. М.М.3аалишвили. // Труды И. Р. Тархнишвили по радиобиоло¬гии. В сборн.: Научное наследие И. Р. Тархнишвили (Тарханова). Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 127–130. \\ M.M.Zaalishvili. I.R.Tarkhnishvili's works in radiobiology. In: Scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, 127-130. Article in Russian.

15. Г.И.Мчедлишвили. // Исследования И.Р.Тархнишвили в об¬ласти физиологии кровообращения. В сборн.: Научное наследие И.Р.Тархиишвили (Тарханова). Изд. АН ГССР, Тбилиси, 1962, стр. 107– 116. \\ G.I.Mchedlishvili. Studies of I.R.Tarkhnishvili in the field of physiology of blood circulation. In: Scientific heritage of I.R.Tarkhnishvili (Tarchanoff). Publ. House of Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, 1962, p. 107-116. Article in Russian.

16. K.Sh.Nadareishvili. // Ivane Tarkhan-Mouravi. 130th anniversary of his birth. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, 1978, V. 3, pp 5-28. Article in English.

17. Б.И.Ананьев. // Очерки по истории русской психологии XVIII– XIX веков. М., 1947. \\ B.I.Ananev. Essays on history of Russian psychology in the 18th and 19th centuries. Moscow, 1947.  Monograph in Russian/

18. В.П.Горев, М.В.Гютер. // Опыт и перспективы применения фе¬номена Тарханова. Докл. VII Всесоюзн. съезда физиол.,  биолог., фармакол., 1947, стр. 643–645. \\ V.P.Gorev, M.V.Gjuter. Experience and perspectives of application of Tarchanoff phenomenon. Rep. VII All-Union Congress of Physiol., Biol. Pharmacol., (Moscow), 1947, p. 643-645. Article in Russian.

19. И.Р. Тарханов. // Развитие животных, лишенных депрессорных нервов. В кн.: М. Фостер – Учебник физиологии, СПб, 1882, стр. 643– 645. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Development of animals deprived of depressor nerves. In: Handbook of physiology by M.Foster, St.Peterburg, 1882, p. 643-645. Article in Russian.

20. И.Р. Тарханов. // Опыты над действием рентгеновских х-лучей на животный организм. Известия С-Петербургской биологической лабо¬ратории, I, вып., 3, 47–52, 1896. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Experiments on the action of Roentgen X-rays on the animal's organism. Proc. St. Petersburg, Biol.Lab., 1-3, 4752, 1896. Article in Russian.

21. И.Р.Тарханов. // О физиологическом действии рентгеновских лу¬чей на центральную нервную систему. (Предварительное сообщение). Больничн. газета С. П. Боткина, № 33, 753–757, 1896. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On physiological action of X-rays on the central nervous system. (Preliminary Comm.). S.P. Bodkin Hospital newspaper, St. Peterburg, №33, 753-757, 1896. Article in Russian.

22. И.Р.Тарханов. // О физиологическом действии Рентгеновских лу¬чей на центральную нервную систему. (Окончание). Больничн. газета С.П.Боткина, № 34, 785–791, 1896. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On physiological action of X-rays on the central nervous system (end), S.P.Bodkin Hospital newspaper, No 34, 785-791, 1896, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

23. И.Р.Тарханов. // О физиологическом действии Рентгеновских лучей на центральную нервную систему. С-Петербург, 1896. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On physiological action of X-rays on the central nervous system. St. Petersburg, 1896. Article in Russian.

24. А. М. Кузин. // Покорение радиации. Газ. «Комсомольская правда» от 29 мая 1966 г., стр. 3. \\ A.M.Kuzin. Radiation exploration. Newspaper "Komsomol Truth" of 29 May (Moscow), 1966, p.3.  Article in Russian.

25. И,P.Тарханов. // Форма в какой следует применять Круксову тру¬бку при фотографировании различных частей тела Х-лучами. (I предва¬рит. сообщение). Больничн. газета С. П. Боткина, № 13, 457–459 , 1897. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. The way Crookees tube ought to be used while protographing by X-rays various parts of the body. (1st preliminary comm.) S.P.Bodkin Hospital Newspaper, No 13,457-459. St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

26. И.Р.Тарханов. // Электрические действия Круксовой трубки в качестве возбудителя животных тканей (II и III сообщения). Больничи. газета С.П. Боткина, № 13 459–455; № 27, 1009–1014, 1897. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Electric action of Crookees tube causing excitation of animal tissues (2nd and 3rd comm.), S.P.Bodkin Hospital Newspaper St. Petersburg. No 13, 459-466, N 27, 1009-1014, 1897. Articles in Russian.

27. И.Р.Тарханов. // Электрические действия Круксовой трубки в качестве возбудителя животных тканей. С-Петербург, 1897. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Electric action of Crookees tube causing excitation of animal tissues. St. Petersburg, 1897. Article in Russian.

28. I. Таrсhanоff. // Actions physiologiquss CBS tubss Dr. Crook's a distance. Compt. Soc. de biol. (Paris), 49, 740–743, 1897.

29. I.Тагсhanоff. // Das Teiephon als Anzeiger der Nerven und Muskel-stroms beim Menschen und der Thieren. St. Peterb. Msd. Wschr., № 43 , 353–354, 1878.

30. Tarchanoff. // Das Teiephon im Gebsite der thirischen Electritat.St. Peterb. Med. Wschr., № 11 93–95, 1879.

31. H.E.Введенский. // Телефонические наблюдения над электричес¬кими исследованиями в мышечных и нервных аппаратах. Труды СПб. общества естествоисп. 14, вып. I, 5–6, 1883. \\ N.E.Wedensky. Telephone observations on electrical studies in muscular and nervous apparatus. Trans. St. Petersburg Soc. Naturalists, 14, 1, 5-6, 1883. Article in Russian.

32. Д.Кимельдорф, Э.Хант. // Действие ионизирующей радиации на функции нервной системы. Атомиздат. М., 1969. \\ D.Kimeldolf, E.Hunt. Action of ionizing radiation on the function of nervous system. Moscow, 1969 (Russian translation).

33. М.H.Ливанов. // Некоторые проблемы действия ионизирующей ра¬диации на нервную систему. М., Медгиз, 1962. \\ M.N.Livanov. Some problems of the action of ionizing radiation on the nervous system. Moscow, Med. Publ. House, 1962. Monograph in Russian.

34. И.Р.Тарханов. // Физические энергии в природе в качестве лечебных сил. Жури. и энцикл. обозрение, I, 351–366, 1898. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Physical energies in nature as curative powers. Encycloped. Survey, 1, 351-366,1898 St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

35. А.В.Пель, М.Р.Тарханов. // Сочетание рентгенотерапии с органотерапией. Журн. мед. химии, № 34/35, 171–189, 1905. Отдель¬ный оттиск, СПб., 1905. \\ A.V.Poehl, I.R.Tarchanoff. Combination of roentgen therapy with organo-therapy. J.Med.Chem., № 34/35, 171-189,1905. Reprint, St. Petersburg, 1905. Article in Russian.

36. А.РоеhI, I. Tarchanoff. // Die Kombination der Radiotherapie mit der Organotherapie. Berl. Woschr., № 16, 457–560, 1905.

37. И.Р.Тарханов. // О теоретических основаниях полезности комбина¬ции рентгено- и сперминотерапии. Журн. мед. химии, № 36/37, 49– 51, 1908. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On theoretical basis of usefulness of combination of roentgen- and sperminotherapy. J.Med. Chem., No 36/37, 49-51, 1908, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

38. И.Р.Тархан-Моуравов. // О роли радиактивнык лучей в био¬логии и лечении болезней. Журн - мд. химии органотерапии, № 31. 1259–1276; № 32, 1299–1312; № 33, 1339–1356, 190З. \\ I.R.Tarkhan-Mouravov. On the role of radioactive beams in biology and treatment of diseases. J.Med.Chem. of organotherapy, No 31, 1259-1276; No 32, 1299-1312; No 33, 1339-1356, 1903, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

39. И.Р.Тарханов. // Действие лучей радия на глаз. Энц. Брокгауза и Ефрона 37, кн. 76, стр. 1211, 190З. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Action of radium beams on the eyes. Encycl. of Brocktause and Ephron, 37, vol.76, p.1211, 1903. St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

40. И. Р. Тарханов. // О действии эманации радия на животных. Вест¬ник и библ. самообр. № 29, 1121–1122, 1904. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On the action of radium emanation on animals. Proc. and bibliographic self education, No 29, 1121-1122, 1904, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

41. И.Р. Тарханов. // Новости о радии за последнее время. Вестник и библ. самообр., № 7. 275–276, 1904. \\ I.R.Tanchanoff. Recent news of radium. Proc. a. Bibliogr. Self education, No 7, 275-276, 1904, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

42. И.Р.Тарханов. // О радии на Кавказе. Журн. «Знание и Жизнь», № 2, 28–29, 1905. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On radium in the Caucasus. J. "Knowledge and Life", No 2, 28-29, 1905, St. Petersburg.

43. И.Р.Тарханов. // Действие радия на электрические разряды элек¬трического ската. Жури. «Знание и Жизнь», № 5, 78–79, 1905. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. Action of radium on electric discharges of electric slope. J. "Knowledge and Life", No 78-79, 1905, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

44. И.Р.Тарханов. // О радиоактивности минеральных вод и источни¬ков. Журн. «Знание и жизнь», № 9, 150–152, 1905. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. On radioactivity of mineral waters and springs. J. "Knowledge and Life", No 9, 150-152, 1905, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

45. I.Таrсhаnоff et  Т.Мо1dеnhauеr. Suria radio-active induste et naturalle des plantes et sur sou role probable dans la crois-sance des plantes. Bull. intern, de 1'Acad Sc. de Cracovie, № 1, 728–734, 1905.

46.  И.Р.Тарханов. // “Распространенность радиоактивности почв, воды и почвенного воздуха в Царском селе”. Журн. «Знание и Жизнь», № 1, 28–29, 1904. \\ I.R.Tarchanoff. “Radioactivity of soil, water and soil air in Tsarskoe selo”. J. "Knowledge and Life", № 1, 28—30, 1904, St. Petersburg. Article in Russian.

47. Gourmelon P., Marquette C., Agay D., Mathieu J, Clarencon D. //  Involvement of the central nervous system in radiation-induced multi-organ dysfunction and/or failure. Br. J Radiology. 2005. Suppl. 27. Р. 62-68.

48.  И.С.Бериташвили. // Об изменениях в организме от воздействия воздушной ударной волны по наблюдениям на людях и по опытам на животных. Труды Конфкр. Врачей эвакогоспиталя Грузинской ССР. 21-25 марта, Тбилиси 1944., стр. 661-674, 1945. \\ J.Beritoff. // About changes after air-blast exposure on human and experimental animals. Materials of evacuation hospital physician’s conference, Tbilisi, marсh, 21-25, 1944, P. 661-674. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

49.   И.С.Бериташвили. // Об изменениях в организме от воздействия воздушной ударной волны по наблюдениям на людях и по опытам на животных. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр.1-36, 1945. \\ J.Beritoff. // About changes after air-blast exposure on human and experimental animals. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 1-36, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

50.  И.С.Бериташвили. // О характере воздействия воздушной ударной волны на организм человека. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии,  т. 6, стр.37-69, 1945. \\ J.Beritoff. On the nature of the effect of a blast wave on the organism of man. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 37-69, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

51. И.С.Бериташвили. // Об изменениях психонервной деятельности голубей после взрывной травмы. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, т. 6, стр. 173-190, 1945. \\ J.Beritoff. About psychoneurological changes in pigeons after air-blast injury. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 173-190, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

52. А.Н.Бакурадзе. Экспериментальное изучение функциональных изменений, наступающих в организме животных под влиянием воздушной ударной волны. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр.71-114, 1945. \\ A.N.Bakuradze. Experimental study some functional alterations taking place in the animal under the blast wave action.  Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 71-114, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

53. П.А.Кометиани. Влияние воздушной ударной волны на биохимические показатели крови и ликвора. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр.115-136, 1945. \\ P.A.Kometuani. The influence of the blast wave upon  the biochemical ingredients of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.  Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 115-136, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

54. С.П.Нарикашвили. Влияние воздушной ударной волны на возбудимость нервной и мышечной систем. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр. 137-155, 1945. \\ S.Narikashvili. The influence of the blast wave upon the excitability of the muscle and the nervous system. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 137-155, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

55. A.Брегадзе. Влияние воздушной ударной волны на индивидуальное поведение дивотных. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр. 157-171, 1945. \\ A.Bregadze. The influence of the blast wave on the behaviour of animals. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 157-171, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

56. A.Зурабашвили. Об острых изменениях в центральной нервной системе, вызванных воздушной ударной волной. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр. 191-208, 1945. \\ A.Zurabashvili. The sharp changes in the central nervous system induced by blast wave. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 191-208, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

57. A.Лежава. Гистологические изменения в органах животных от воздействия воздушной ударной волны. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр. 209-247, 1945. \\ A.Lezava. Histological changes in the organs of animals caused by blast wave. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 209-247, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English.

58. Э.Андроникащвили. О механическом действии ударной волны. Труды Инст. Физиологии им. Бериташвили АН Грузии, Т. 6, стр. 249-276, 1945. \\ EAndronilashvili.. The mechanical action of a shock wave. Transactions of the J.Beritashvili Physiological Institute, V. 6, pp 209-247, 1945. Article in Russian, abstract in Georgian and English

59. К.Ш.Надареишвили, О.С.Бакрадзе. // Изменения фоновой электрокортикограммы и вызванных ответов коры мозга кроликов в процессе облучения. Труды Инст. Физиолог. Им. Бериташвили АН ГССР. Т.15, стр. 321-332, 1968. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Bakradze O.S. Changes in the background electrocorticogram and evoked responses of the rabbit cerebral cortex during photostimulation in the course of irradiation. Tr. Inst Fiz Akad Nauk Gruz Ssr. 1968, V. 15, pp 321-32. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

60. К.Ш.Надареишвили, О.С.Бакрадзе. // Динамика изменений фоновой и вызванной электрической активности в зрительной системе мозга облученных кроликов. Радиобиология, Москва, Т. 8ю №4, стр. 548-559. 1968. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Bakradze O.S. Dynamics of changes in basic and induced electric activity in visual system of the brain of irradiated rabbits. Radiobiologiia, Moscow,  1968, V. 8, №4, рр 548-559. Article in Russian, abstract in English..

61. К.Ш.Надареишвили, О.С.Бакрадзе, М.Г.Дашниани, В.Я.Сандодзе. //  Нейрорадио-биологические эффекты гемилатерального облучения мозга кроликов. 1. Динамика качесственных изменений фоновой и вызванной электрической активности коры. Радиобиология. Москва, Т. 12. №6. стр. 849-856, 1972. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Bakradze O.S., Dashniani M.G., Sandodze V.Ia. Neuroradiobiological effects in the hemilateral irradiation of the rabbit brain. 1. The dynamics of the qualitative changes in the background and evoked electrical activity of the cortex. Radiobiologiia. Moscow, 1972, V. 12, №6, рр 849-856. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

62. К.Ш.Надареишвили, О.С.Бакрадзе, М.Г.Дашниани, В.Я.Сандодзе. // Нейрорадио-биологические эффекты гемилатерального облучения мозга кроликов. 2. Динамика изменений фоновой и вызванной активности зрительной коры при перерезке мозолистого тела. Радиобиология. Москва, Т. 13, №3. стр. 398-4006, 1972. \\ Nadareishvili KSh, Bakradze OS, Dashniani MG, Sandodze V.Ia. The Neuro radiobiological effects following hemilateral irradiation of the brains of rabbits. 2. The dynamics of alterations in the spontaneous and evoked activity of the visual cortex under conditions corpus callosum section. Radiobiologiia. Moscow, 1973, V. 13, №3, рр 398-406. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

63. К.Надареишвили, Б.Гугушвили. // Радиационная нейробиология (библиография). Тбилиси, “Мецниереба”, 1989, 500 стр. \\  K.Nadareishvili, B.Gugushvili. Radiation neurobiology (Bibliography). Tbilisi, “Mecniiereba”, 1989, 500 Р.

64. М.Н.Николаишвили, К.Ш.Надареишвили, Г.С.Иорданишвили, Н.Н.Мелитаури. //  Влиание общего Х-облучения в суперлетальных дозах на агрессивное поведение крыс и некоторые нейрохимические показатели в разлисннх структурах мозга. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, Стр. 33-46, 1994. \\ M.Nikolaishvili, K.Nadareishvili, G.Jordanishvili, N.Melitauri. Superlethal X-irradiation effect on aggressive behavior and some neurochemical indices in the brain structures of rats. "Radiation Studies", Tbilisi, Vol.7, pp. 33-46, 1994, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

65. М.Николаишвил, Г.Иорданишвили, К.Надареишвили. // Влияние парахлофенилала-нина на распределение биогенных аминов и свободных аминокислот в структурах головного мозга и агрессивное поведение крыс. Известия АН Грузии,  Серия биологическая, Т. 21, №1-6, стр. 203-209, 1995. \\ M.Nikolaishvili, G.Jordanishvili, K.Nadareishvili. Influence of parachlorphenilalanine on bioorganic amines and free amino acid distribution in brain structures and aggressive behavior in rats. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Biological series, 1995, V. 21, №1-6, pp 203-209. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

66. K. Nadareishvili, M.Kazakhashvili, O.Saneblidze, D. Nadareishvili, I.Maisuradze, L.Tsitskishvili, G. Magradze. // Action of the whole-body x-irradiation in sublethal and superlethal doses on spontaneous and induced aggressive behavior in rats. "Radiation Studies", Tbilisi, Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 137-147. Article in English.

67. K.Nadareishvili, G.Iordanishvili, M.Nikoleishvili. // Modification of aggressivnes, behaviour in “Open Field” and monoaminergic System Activity in X-irradiated rats. Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 157. №1, pp 34-40. 1998. Article in English.

68. Barkaia L, Bekaia G,  IordaniSvili G. K.Nadareishvili. // Short-term memory of aggressive and non-aggressive rats in hormonal alteration conditions. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Biological series, 1998. Vol 24, № 1-6,  рр 29-33, Article in English.

69. I.Maisuradze. // Influence of Brief Exposure to the Power–Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Behavior of Rats in ”Open Field“. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences,  2000, V. 160, N3 579-582 Article in English.

70. M.Nikolaishvili, G.Iordanishvili, N.Melitauri, K.Nadareishvili. // The effect of ionizing radiation on aggressive behavior in rats, Physiological and neurochemical correlates. Radiation studies, Tbilisi, 2001. Vol. 8, pp 67-78. Article in English.

71. K.Nadareishvili, M.Nikolaishvili, G.Iordanishvili. // Modification of behaviour, biogenic amines and free amino acids content in the brain, and radiosensitivity induced by para-clorphenylalanine (pCPA) injection in rats. Radiation studies, Tbilisi, 2001. Vol. 8, pp. 79-93. Article in English.

72. М.Николаишвили, Г.Иорданишвили, К.Надареишвили, Н.Мелитаури. // Влиянеие общего Х-облучения на агрессивное поведение крыс и распределение свободных аминокислот в структурах головного мозга. Радиационные исследования, Том 6, стр. 26-37, 1994. \\ M.Nikolaishvili, G.Jordanishvili, K.Nadareishvili, N.Melitauri. Radiation effect on aggressive rats’ behavior and quantitative distribution of free amino acids in the rat brain. "Radiation Studies" 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 26-37, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

73. გ.მაღრაძე, ლ.ციცქიშვილი, ი.მაისურაძე. // ქსელის სიხშირის ელექტრო-მაგნიტური ველის გავლენა პასიური განრიდების რეაქციის გამომუშავებასა და შემონახვაზე. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები” თბილისი, ტ. VIII, გვ. 93-104 1998, \\ G.Magradze, I.Maisuradze, L.Tsitskishvili. Effect of power frequency (50 Нz) electromagnetic fields on elaboration storage of passive avoidance reaction in rats. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 93-104, Article in Georgian, abstract in English

74. ი.მაისურაძე. // ქსელის სიხშირის (50 Hზ) ელექტრო-აგნიტური ველის გახანგრძლივებული ზემოქმედების გავლენა ვირთაგვების ქცევაზე “ღია ველში”. რადიაციული გამოკვლევები, ტომი IX, გვ. 197–204.  2000 \\ I.Maisuradze. Influence of extended exposure to the power-frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior of rats in "open field". Radiation Studies, V.  IX, pp 197-204, 2000. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

75. g. iordaniSvili, m. nikolaiSvili, n. meliTauri. // qselis sixSiris eleqtromagnituri velis qronikuli zemoqmedebis gavlena virTagvebis qcevaze da Tavis tvinSi Tavisufali aminomJaveebis ganawilebaze. Tbilisi, radiaciuli gamokvlevebi, t. 9, gv. 206-218. 2000. \\ G.Jordanishvili, G.Magradze, M.Nikolaishvili, N.Melitauri, M.Kakabadze. Effect of power-frequency EMF on rats’ behavior and the distribution of free amino-acids in cerebral cortex. Radiation Studies, v IX, 2000, pp 206-217. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

76. L.B.Tsitskishvili. // The analysis of memory and behavior of rats during the period of their antenatal and postnatal development after the influence of electromagnetic field. Radiation Studies, V. IX, 2000, pp 218-229.???

77. M.Nikolaishvili, G.Magradse. // Efeect of chronic exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields on behavioral characteristics of rats. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of sciences, 164, №2, 401-403, 2001. Article in English.

78. Magradze G., Nikolaishvili M. // Effect of power-frequency electromagnetic fields on “Open-Field” activity in naturally aggressive and non-aggressive rats. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of sciences, 167, 366-368, 2003. Article in English.  

79. ლ. ციცქიშვილი. // ანტენატალურ პერიოდშიმაიონიზებელი რადიაციის და მაგნიტური ველის ზემოქმედების გავლენა ვირთადვების მეხსიერებაზე. რადიაციული გამოკვლევები, თბილისი, ტ. 10, გვ. 122-128, 2002. \\ L.Tsitskishvili. Effect of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic field during prenatal period on the memory of rats. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 122-128. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

80. ლ.ბ. ციცქიშვილი, გ.მ.გადელია, რჩეულიშვილი, გ.მ. მაღრაძე, ტ.ა.სულო-შვილი, მ.ს.ციცქიშვილი, ტ.ლ.ნინუა. // რადიაციული გამოკვლევები, ტ. 10. გვ. 129-148. 2002. \\ L.B.Tsitskishvili, G.T.Gadelia, R.V.Rcheulishvili, T.A.Suloshvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili, G.M.Magradze, Z.S.Sharadze, T.L.Ninua. Mobile phone (cellular phone).evaluation of the health hazard. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, pp 129-148, 2002. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

81. Н.А.Гзиришвили. // Изменения концентрации вазопрессина в крови у кроликов на болевое воздействие до и после воздействия ионизирующей радиации. \\ N.Gzirishvili. Vasopressin blood concentration changes induced by nociceptive stimulation of rabbits before and after X-irradiation. "Radiation Studies". 1994, Vol.7, Tbilisi, pp. 47-54, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

82. Н.А.Гзиришвили. // Суточный ритм выделения вазопрессина в крови у кроликов до и после воздействия ионизирующей радиации. N.Gzirishvili. Vasopressin daily rhythm in blood before and after X-irradiation of rabbits. "Radiation Studies". Tbilisi, Vol.7, pp. 58-66, 1994. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

83. К.Надарейшвили Г.Ормоцадзе, Г.Иорданишвили, М.Николаишвили, М.Николаи-швили, Н.Мелитаури,  М.Гвасалиа, Р.Векуа, Т.Муселиани,  M.Чачуа. // Содержание и распределение катехоламинов и серотонина в различных областях головного мозга природно-агрессивных и с провоцированной парахлорфенилаланином агрессивностью крыс. Известия АН Грузии, серия биолог. А. Т. 32, №2, стр. 187-194, 2006. \\ K.Nadareishvili, G.Ormtsadze, G.Iordanishvili, M.Nikoleishvili, N.Melitauri, R.Vekua, T.Museliani, M.Chachua. Content and distribution of catecholamine and serotonin in different structures of rats brain at natural and provoking by parachlorphenilalanine aggressiveness. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Biological series, А. 2006, V. 32, №2, P.187-194.  Article in Russian, abstract in English.

84. К.Ш.Надареишвили, Ф.Т.Тодуа, М.М.Николаишвили, Г.С.Иорданишвили, Г.Л.Ор-моцадзе, Н.Н.Мелитаури, Д.К.Надареишвили, М.Р.Казахашвили. // Агрессивное поведение и радиочувствительность крыс. Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология,  2007, Т. 47, №4, стр. 502-513. \\ K.Sh.Nadareishvili, F.T.Todua, M.M.Nikolaishvili, G.S.Iordanishvili, G.L.Ormotsadze, N.N.Melitauri, D.K.Nadareishvili, M.R.Kazakhashvili. Aggressive behavior and radiosensitivity in rats. Radiat. Biolog. Radioecol. 2007, V. 47, №4, P. 502-513. Moscow. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

85. Н.Р.Кикнадзе. // Действие ионизирующей радиации на цикл бодрствование-сон у кошек. Автореферат дисс. к.б.н., Тбилиси, 1982, 37 стр. \\ N.R.Kiknadze. Action of ionizing radiation on sleep-wakefulness cycle in cats. Abstract   of PhD dissertation. Tbilisi, 1982, pp 37. (In Russian).

86. Nadareishvili K.Sh. // The cerebro-vascular correlates of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. In: Neurophysiology of motivation, memory and sleep-wakefulness cycle. "Metsniereba", Tbilisi, 1985; v.4. Edited by T.Oniani, p. 266-290. Article in English.

87. Nadareishvili K.Sh. // The cerebro-vascular correlates of sleep-wakefulness cycle and sudden arousal. In: Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness cycle. Materials of the First International Symposium held by UNESCO (IBRO). "Metsniereba", Tbilisi, 1989; Edited by T.Oniani, p. 215-240. Article in English.

88. Р.Кордадзе. // Действие ионизирующей радиации и вибрации на цикл бодрствование-сон у кошек. Автореферат дисс. к.б.н., Тбилиси, 1993, 33 стр. \\ R.Kordzadze. Action of ionizing radiation and vibration on sleep-wakefulness cycle in cats. Abstract of PhD dissertation. Tbilisi, 1993, pp 33. (In Russian).

89. G.A Marsagishvili, V. J. Sandodze. // Chicken imprinting under hipomagnetic influence since the 16-th day of embryonic development. Bull. Georgian Acad. Scien. 1990, V. 138, №I, pр. 133-135. Article in English.

90. G.A. Marsagishvili, V.J. Sandodze. // Chicken imprinting being in hipomagnetis environment since the 5-th day of embryonic development. Bull. Georgian Acad. Scien., 1990. V. 139, №I, pp. 169-173. Article in English.

91. И.К.Сванидзе, В.Я.Сандодзе, Е.В.Дидимова, Т,И.Чхиквадзе, В.Н.Портной. // Изучение влияния гипо и гипермагнитных полей на двигательную активность реснитчатого аппарата эпендимных клеток. Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. Москва, Т. 34, вып.1, стр. 100-104, 1994. \\ I. K. Svanidze. V. J. Sandodze, H. V. Didimova, T. I. Chkhikvadze, V. N. Portnoi, A. S.Razdolski. Study the Influence of hippo- and hypermagnetic fields on the movement activity of eyelash apparatus of epidemic cells. Radiation biology. Radioecology. Moscow, 1994,V.34, № 1, pp 100-104. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

92. В.Я.Сандодзе, И,К. Сванидзе, Е.В.Дидимова. // Эффекты влияния гипомагнитного поля на двигательную активность реснитчатого аппарата эпендимных клеток в условиях  целого организма. Радиационная биология Радиоэкология. Москва, Т.35, вып.1, стр. 19-22. 1995. \\ V. J. Sandodze, I. K. Svanidze , H. V. Didimova   The effects of hipomagnetic field influence on the movement activity of eyelash apparatus of ependimic cells within the whole organism. Radiation biology. Radioecology. 1995. V. 35 №1, pp 19-22. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

93. V.Sandodze. // Dynamics of behavior and neurochemical correlates at chronic information overloading of rats having undergone embryonic and postnatal development in hypomagnetic environment. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 156-164, Article in English. Article in English.

94. В.Я. Сандодзе. // Эффекты влияния гипомагнитной среды на пролиферативную активность  супрафимбрилярных клеток аммонова рога гиппокампа в раннем онтогенезе и субгранулярной зоны зубчатой фасций гиппокампа в раннем и позднем онтогенезе Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 9, стр. 188-196, 2000. \\ V.Ia. Sandodze. Influence of hypomagnetic medium on proliferation activity of the hippocampal fascia dentata and ammon’s horn suprafimbrial cells in early- and late ontogenesis. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, V IX, 2000, pp 188-196. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

95. Г.Марсагишвили В.Я Сандодзе К.Надареишвили Т.И.Гикошвили. Л.Д.Джохадзе. // Абиотические факторы неестественного происхождения и импринтинг Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 10, стр.117-121, 2002. \\ G. A. Marsagishvili, K. Sh. Nadaerishvili, V. I. Sandodze, T. I. Gikoshvili, L. D. Jokhadze. Abiotic factors of unnatural deprivation and imprinting. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, Vol. X, 2002, pp 117-121. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

96. И.А.Брегвадзе, В.Я Сандодзе //. Влияние гипомагнитной среды на культуру нервных и глиальных клеток прозрачной перегородки и ядер шва. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 9, стр. 181-187. 2000. \\ I.Bregvadze, V.Sandodze. Influence of hypomagnetic field on the septal and raphe nuclei neuronal and glial cells in tissue culture. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, 2000, V. IX, pp 181-187. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

97. В.Я Сандодзе. // Эффекты влияния гипомагнитной среды на пролиферативную активность  супрафимбрилярных клеток аммонова рога гиппокампа в раннем онтогенезе и субгранулярной зоны зубчатой фасций гиппокампа в раннем и позднем онтогенезе. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 9, стр. 188-235. 2000. \\ V.Sandodze.  Influence of hypomagnetic medium on proliferation activity of the hippocampal fascia dentate and ammon’s horn suprafimbrial cells in early- and late ontogenesis. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, 2000, V. 9, pp 188-199. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

98. В.Я Сандодзе. Г.А. Марсагишвили. // Биологические эффекты гипомагнитной среды. Проблемы экологии, Т. 2, стр. 229-235, 2000. \\ V.Sandodze G. A. Marsagishvili. Biological effects of hypomagnetic area. Problems of ecology. 2000. V. 2. pp. 229-235. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

99. К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Действие ионизирующей радиации на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Изд. “Мецниереба”, Тбилиси, 1966, 298 стр. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh. Action of ionizing radiation on Cardio-vascular system (Experimental Cardio-vascular Radiobiology, Monograph in Russian), "Metsniereba", Tbilisi, 1966, 298 pp.

100.    К.Надареишвили Р.Гветадзе, Г.Ормоцадзе, И.Мегреладзе, А.Тархнишвили, М.Хурциа, И.Месхишвили, М.Гвасалиа, И.Маисурадзе. // Динамика изменений сердечного ритма наркотизированных крыс при воздействии суперлетальных доз ионизирующей радиации. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, том 7, стр. 5-34, 1994. \\ K.Nadareishvili, R.Gvetadze, G.Ormotsadze, I.Megreladze, A.Tarkhnishvili, M.Khurtsia, I.Meskhishvili, M.Gvasalia, I.Maisuradze. Dynamics of cardiac rhythm changes during superlethal Х-irradiation in anesthetized by nembutal rats. "Radiation Studies", Vol.7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 5-34, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

101.    კ.ნადარეისჰვილი, ი.მესხიშვილი, დ.ნადარეიშვილი, გ.ონოფრიშვილი. // ერთჯერადი სუბლეტალური X-დასხივების გავლენა ბოცვერების გულის რიტმის ვარიაბელობაზე და ელექტროკარდიოგრამაზე. რადიაციული გამოკვლევები, ტ. 8, გვ. 27-66, 1998. \\ K. Nadareishvili I. Meskhishvili, D. Nadareishvili, G. Onoprishvili. Action of signal X-irradiation in sublethal doses on heart rate variability (HRV) and ECG in male chinchilla rabbits. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 27-66, Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

102.    ი.მესხიშვილი. // ბოცვერების გულის რიტმის ვარიაბელობის ცვლილებები 3 თვის ინტერვალით განმეორებით ზოგადი X-დასხივების შემდეგ. რადიაციული გამოკვლევები, ტ. 9, გვ. 152-160, 2000. \\ I.Meskhishvili. Action of repeated X-radiation in sublethal doses with 3 months interval on heart rate variability (HRV) in male chinchilla rabbits. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, V. IX, 2000, pp 152-160. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

103.    ი.მესხიშვილი. // ბოცვერების გულის რიტმის ვარიაბელობის ცვლილებები 3-3 თვის ინტერვალით სამჯერადი სუბლეტალური X-დასხივებიდ შემდეგ. ღადიაციული გამოკვლევები, თბილისი, ტ. 9, გვ. 161-165, 2000. \\ I.Meskhishvili. Action of triple X-irradiation in sublethal doses with 3 months intervals on heart rate variability in male chinchilla rabbits. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, V. IX, 2000, pp 161-165. Article in Georgian, abstract in English..

104.    დ.ნადარეიშვილი. // ერთჯერადი მინიმალურად ლეტალური X-დასხივების გავლენა ბოცვერების გულის რიტმის ვარიაბელობაზე. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, თბილისი, ტ. 9, გვ. 166-180, 2000. \\ D. Nadareishvili. Action of signal X-irradiation in lethal dose (9 Gy) on heart rate variability in male chinchila rabbits. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, V IX, 2000, pp 166-169. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

105.    I.Meskhishvili. // The Effect of  Acute Moderate Alcohol Ingestion on the Rabbit's Heart Rate Variability. Bull. of the Georgian Acad. of Sciences,  V. 165, N2, 385-388, 2002. Article in English. Article in English.

106.    Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Nadareishvili D.K, Ormotsadze G.L. // Comparative Study of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) In Naturally Aggressive And Nonaggressive Rats. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences,162, N3, pp 529-532. Article in English.

107.     Б.С. Гугушвили. // Структура и динамика информационных потоков в области радиационной кардиологии. “Радиационные исследования”, Тбилиси, Т. 7, ст. 85-91, 1994. \\ B.Gugushvili. The structure and dynamics of information streams in radiation cardiology. "Radiation Studies". 1994, Vol.7, Tbilisi, pp. 85-91, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

108.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, И.И.Месхишвили, Д.К.Надареишвили, Г.Л.Ормрцадзе, М.A.Николаишвили, Г.С.Иорданишвили, В.Я.Сандодзе, Е.Г. Читанава. // Исходная вариабильность сердечного ритма и радиочувствительность кроликов. Радиационная биология Радиоэкология. Москва, Т.45, №2, стр. 133-144, 2005.  \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Nadareishvili D.K., Ormotsadze G.L., Nikolaishvili M.M., Iordanishvili G.S., Sandodze V.Ia., Chitanava E.G. Initial heart rate variability and radiosensitivity in rabbits. Radiats. Biol. Radioecol. 2005, V. 45, №2, pp 133-144, Moscow. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

109.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, И.И.Месхишвили, Д.К.Надареишвили, Г.Л.Ормрцадзе, Г.Т.Назаришвили, М.Г.Гвасалиа. // Вариабельность сердечного ритма среди кроликов породы шиншилла. Бюлл. Экспер. Биол. Мед. Т. 134, №12, pp 657-659, 2002. \\ Английский переввод: Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Nadareishvili D.K, Ormotsadze G.L., Nazarishvili G.T., Gvasalia M.G., Khvedelidze M.T., Sandodze V.Y. Heart rate variability in Chinchilla rabbits. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002, V. 134, №6, pp 568-570. Article in Russian and in English translation.

110.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, И.И.Месхишвили, Д.К.Надареишвили, Г.Л.Ормрцадзе, Г.Т.Назаришвили, М.Г.Гвасалиа, Е.Г.Читанава. // Действие малых доз этанола на сердечный ритм кроликов. Бюлл. Експ. Биол. Мед. Т. 138, №9, pp 306-310, 2004. \\ Английский перевод: K.Sh.Nadareishvili, I.I.Meskhishvili, D.K.Nadareishvili, G/L. Ormotsadze, G.T.Nazarishvili, M.G.Gvasalia, M.T.Khvedelidze, V.Y.Sandodze. // Effects of Low Ethanol Doses on Heart Rhythm in Rabbits. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. V. 134, №6, pp 271-275, 2004. Article in Russian and in English translation.

111.     Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Nadareishvili D.K, Ormotsadze G.L. Heart Rate Variability in Male Waking Chinchilla Rabbits. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 160, N3, 536-539, 1999. Article in English.

112.     Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Nadareishvili D.K., Ormotsadze G.L. // Comparative // Study of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) In Naturally Aggressive And Nonaggressive Rats. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 162, N3, pp 529-532, 2000. Article in English.

113.     К.Ш.Надареишвили И.И.Месхишвили Г.Л.Ормоцадзе, Д.К.Налареишвили, М.Хведелидзе, Е.Г.Читанава. // Ритмокардиологические корреляты агрессивности  белых крыс Известия АН Грузии, Серия биол., т. 29, №6, стр. 667-672, 2003. \\  Nadareishvili K.Sh., Meskhishvili I.I., Ormotsadze G.L., Nadareishvili D.K. , Khvedelidze M., Chitanava E.F. Rhythm-craniological correlates of aggressiveness in white rats. Pros. Acad. Science of Georgia. Biolog. Ser., V.29, pp 667-672, 2003. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

114.     К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Радиобиология сердечно-сосудистой системы. Библиографическое приложение к монографии того же названия. Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1995, 432 стр. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh. Radiobiology of Cardio-vascular system - Bibliographical suppliment to monograph of the same name. "Metsniereba", Tbilisi, 1995, 432 рр.

115.     И.И.Месхишвили. // Действие ионизирующей радиации и алкоголя на вариабельность сердечного ритма. Автореферат дисс. д.м.н., Тбилиси, 2006, 82 стр. \\ I.I.Meskhishvili. Action of ionizing radiation and ethanol on heart rate variability. Thesis for a Doctor's degree. Tbilisi, 2006, pp 82. (In Georgian and Russian)

116.     Квавилашвили И.Ш., Чиквашвили Ш.В., Тевдорадзе В.В. // Электрическая связь эмбриональных клеток лягушки. Биофизика, Москва, Т. 35, №2, стр. 363-366, 1990. \\ Kvavilashvili I.Sh., Chikvashvili Sh.D., Tevdoradze V.V. Electric coupling of frog embryo cells. Biofizika. Moscow, 1990, V. 35, №2, pp 363-366. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

117.     Тевдорадзе В.В., Надарейшвили К.Ш., Гедеванишвили М.Ш., Квавилашвили И.Ш. //  Потенциал бластоцеля раннего эмбриона лягушки. Биофизика, Москва, Т. 38, №5, стр. 833-836, 1990. \\ Tevdoradze V.V., Nadareishvili K.Sh., Gedevanishvili M.Sh., Kvavilashvili I.Sh. Blastocoels potential in the early frog embryo. Biofizika. Moscow, 1993, V. 38, №5, pp 833-836. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

118.     Надарейшвили К.Ш., Саная Т.В. // Действие ионизирующего излучения на активный транспорт натрия в многоклеточных биологических мембранах. 1. Изменения активного транспорта натрия вдоль внутренней поверхности кожи лягушки при его облучении ин витро и ин виво. «Радиобиология», Москва, Т. 13, №2, стр. 190-196, 1973. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Sanaia T.V. Effect of ionizing radiation on active sodium transport in multicellular biological membranes. 1. Changes in sodium activity along the inner surface of frog skin following its irradiation in vivo and in vitro. Radiobiologia. Moscow, 1973, V.13, №2, pp 190-196. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

119.     Надарейшвили К.Ш., Саная Т.В., Сандодзе В.Я. Тевдорадзе В.В. // Действие ионизирующего излучения на активный транспорт натрия в многоклеточных биологических мембранах. «Радиобиология», Москва, Т. 15, №1, стр. 62-65, 1975. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh., Sanaia T.V., Sandodze V.Ia., Tevdoradze V.V. Effect of ionizing radiation on active sodium transport in multicellular biological membranes. Communication 2. Radiation-induced changes of the properties of basal and apical membranes of epithelial cells of frog skin. Radiobiologiia. Moscow, 1975, V. 15, №1, рр 62-65. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

120.     Надарейшвили К.Ш., Саная Т.В., Тевдорадзе В.В., Моздокели Н.А. // Действие ионизирующего излучения на термическую денатурацию мембран и ДНК яйцеклеток лягушки. \\ K.Nadareishvili, T.Sanaya, V.Tevdoradze, N.Mozdokeli. Effect of ionizing radiation on thermal denaturation of membranes and DNA of frog egg cells. "Radiation Studies", Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, p. 63-67, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

121.     Саная Т.В., Моздокели Н.А., Долидзе В.А. // Влияние Х-лучей и ионов кальция на термодинамические свойства ДНК и сателитных ДНК. “Радиационные исследования”, Т. 6, ст. 82-88, 1991. \\ T.Sanaia, N.Mozdokeli, A.Dolidze. Iinfluence of X-rays and Ca ions on thermodynamic property of DNA and satellite DNA. "Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 82-88, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

122.     Саная Т.В. // Влияние ионизирующего излучения на тепловые свойства и транспортные функции полицеллюлярной мембраны. “Радиационные исследования”, Тбилиси, Т. 7, ст. 67-76, 1994. \\ T.Sanaya. Action of the ionizing radiation of thermal properties and transport functions of polycellular membranes. "Radiation Studies" Vol.7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 67-76, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

123.     А.В.Мцхветадзе, М.С.Гогиберишвили. // Роль транспорта ионов натрия, калия, кальция в синтезе ДНК в опухолевых клетках в условиях радиацилннлгл воздействия. Радиационные исследования, Т. 10, стр. 63-70, Тбилиси, 2002. \\  A.Mtskhvetadze,  M.Gogoberishvili. Interrelation between Na, K, and Ca ions transport values and DNA synthesis in the tumor cells before- and after exposure to ionizing irradiation. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 63-70. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

124.     А.В.Мйхветадзе, Г.Г.Надареишвили. // Сравнительное изучение влияния электромагнитного излучения в различном диапазоне частот с ионизирующей радиацией в различных дозах на отдельные показатели иммунной и гормональной систем. Радиационные исследования, Т. 10, стр. 109-116, Тбилиси, 2002. \\ A.Mtskhvetadze,  G.Nadareishvili. Comparative study of electromagnetic radiation of different frequency ranges and ionizing radiation of different doses on various indices of immune and hormonal systems. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp109-116. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

125.     Г.Ормоцадзе. // Новый подход в исследовании популяционного спектра эритроцитов периферической крови. Радиационные исследования, Т. 7, стр. 92-102, Тбилиси, 1994. \\ G.Ormotsadze. A new approach to the research of peripheral blood erythrocytes population structure. "Radiation Studies" Vol.7, Tbilisi, pp. 92-102, 1994. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

126.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, Г.Л.Ормоцадзе, ГС. Гребенчук, Б.А.Маисурадзе, Б.А.Кулиджанов. // Системотехнический комплекс для исследования диспергированных в электролите популяций клеток. Радиационные исследования, Т. 7, стр. 312-320, Тбилиси, 1994. \\ K.Nadareishvili, G.Ormotsadze, G.Grebenchuk, B.Maisuradze, B.Kulijanov.  Systemotechnic complex for conductometric measuring of units dispersed in electrolyte. Radiation studies, 1994, V. 7, pp 312-320, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

127.     Г.Л.Ормоцадзе. // Математические соотношения, связывающие расспределения эритроцитов по обьемам с фундаментальными величинами, характеризующими систему красной крови. Известия АН Грузии. сер. биол, т.19, N 5-6, стр 364-368, 1994. \\ G.Ormotsadze. The Mathematical correlations linking of erythrocytes dispersion by volume   with fundamental value characterizing red blood system. Pros. Georgian Academy of sci. 1994.. V.19, №5-6, pp 364-368. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

128.     Г.Л.Ормоцадзе. //  Исследование закономерностей регуляции системы красной крови крыс в норме и при радиационной патологи. Радиационные исследования, Т. 7, стр. 126-146, Тбилиси, 1994. \\ G.Ormotsadze. Studies of the red blood system regulation in normal and Х-irradiated rats. "Radiation Studies" Vol.7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 126-146, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

129.     К.Надареишвили, Г.Ормоцадзе, Ш.Микаберидзеб Т.Шенгелиа, А.Лобжанидзе, К.Арчвадзе. // Исследование комбинированного действия ионизирующей радиации и стресса на систему красной крови. Сообщение 1. Исследование механизмов регуляции системы красной крови в условиях физиологической нормы и в ближайшие сроки после иммобилизационного стресса. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 8, стр. 105-136, 1998. \\ K.Nadareishvili, G.Ormotsadze, Sh. Mikaberidze, T. Shengelia, A.Lobzhanidze, K. Arcvadze. Study of combined action of ionizing radiation and a stress factors on the red blood system. Communication I. Study of the red blood regulation mechanisms under physiologically normal conditions and shortly after immobilization stress. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 105-136. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

130.     G.Ormotsadze, K.Nadareishvili. // New method of investigation of red blood system. Radiation Studies, Tbilisi, Vol. IX, pp 230-258. 2000. Article in English. Internet address: http://www.acnet.ge/radiobio/NewMethod/NMN.htm

131.     K.Nadareishvili, G.Grebenchuk. // Questions of Linear Forecasting in Ecology and Their Decision by Methods of Decomposition on Double Orthogonal Systems of Functions. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, V. 154, N 1, pp. 233-236, 1996. Article in English.

132.     G. Ormotsadze, K. Nadareishvili, N. Lobzhanidze, T. Archvadze. // Changes in Population Spectrum of Peripheral Blood Erythrocytes during Immobilization Stress. Bulletin of the Georgian Acad. of Sciences, 1999, V. 160, N1, p 146-149. Article in English.

133.     Г.Ормоцадзе, К.Надареишвили. // Теория и экспериментальная практика исследования популяционных спектров эритроцитов (Монография). Деп. “Сакинформи”, Грузия, 1995, стр. 200. \\ Ormotsadze G.L Nadareishvili K.Sh. Theory and experimental practice of erythrocytes population studies (Monograph in Russian). Dep. "SAKINFORMI", Georgia, Tbilisi, 1995, 200 P.

134.     А.Егиазарова, К.Надареишвили. // Мономолекулярная техника в био-медицинских исследованиях (Монография), Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1994, 324 стр. \\ A.Egiazarova. K. Nadareishvili. Monomolecular techniques in bio-medical investigation (Monogaph in Russian). "Metsniereba", Tbilisi, 1994, 324 pp.

135.     А.Егиазарова. // Кинетика и термодинамика адсорбции облученных молекул белков монослои липидов.  Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, стр. 113-1125, 1994. \\ A.Egiazarova. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the x-irradiated protein molecules absorption in lipid minelayers. "Radiation Studies", 1994, Vol.7, Tbilisi, pp. 113-125, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

136.     А.Р. Егиазарова, Д.В.Чиквашвили, В.А.Мхчян. // Влияние ионизирующей радиации на свойства монослоев и Na, K-АТФазу микросом мозга крыс, модификация адениловыми соединениями. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 57-62, 1991. \\ A.Egiazarova, D.Chikvashvili, V.Mkhchian. Effect of ionizing radiation and adenyl group compounds on the rat brain microsomal fraction monomolecular layer properties and na, k-atp-ase activity. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 57-62, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

137.     А.Р.Егиазарова, К.Ш.Надареишвили В.А.Мхчян. // Поведение монослоев глобулярных белков в интервале физиологических температур. Биофизика, Москва, Т. 36, №5, стр. 758-761, 1991. \\ Egiazarova AR, Nadareishvili KSh, Mkhchian VA. Properties of globular protein monelayers at physiological temperature intervals. Biofizika. 1991, V. 36, №5:758-761 Article in Russian, abstract in English.

138.     А.Р.Егиазарова, К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Взаимодействие ацетилхолина и тубокуранина с белковыми молекулами актинового комплекса и фосфотидилхолина. Биофизика, Москва, Т. 28, №4, стр. 625-638, 1983. \\ Egiazarova A.R., Nadareishvili K.Sh. Interaction of acetylcholine and tubocurarine with protein molecules of the actin complex and phosphatidylcholine. Biofizika. 1983, V. 28, №4, pp 625-638. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

139.     А.Р.Егиазарова, К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Действие рентгеновского излучения на глобулярный актин и поведение их монослоев. Радиобиология, Москва, Т. 13, №4, стр. 508-512, 1973. \\  Egiazarova A.R., Nadareishvili K.Sh. Effect of x-radiation of globular actin on the properties of its monolayers. Radiobiologiia. 1973, V.13, №4 pp. 508-512. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

140.     А.Р.Егиазарова, К.Ш.Надареишвили, М.М.Заалишвили. // Действие ионизирующей радиации на поведение мономолекулярных пленок кристаллического миозина и  желатинизации их растворов. Egiazarova A.R,, Nadareishvili K.Sh., Zaalishvili MM. The effect of ionizing irradiation on the properties of monomolecular layers of crystalling myosin and the peculiarities of the gelatinization of its solutions]. Radiobiologiia. 1966, V. 6, №6, pp 790-795. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

141.     А.Р.Егиазарова, К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Изменения механических и электрических свойств облученного в малых дозах. Радиобиология, Москва, Т. 6, №4, стр. 503-509. \\ Nadareishvili K.Sh, Egiazarova A.R. Changes in the mechanical and electrical properties of monomolecular films of crystalline myosin irradiated in small doses. Radiobiologiia. 1966, V. 6, №4, pp 503-509. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

142.     Д.В.Чиквашвили, М.Г.Беридзе, В.Н.Маисурахзе. // Пострадиационные изменения активности мембраносвязанных АТФаз и влияние адениловых соединений. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 47-57, 1991. \\ D.Chikvashvili, M.Beridze, V.Maisuradze. Membrane ATP-ase postradiation changes and effect of adenyl group compounds. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 48-57. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

143.     К.Ш.Надареишвили Д.В.Чиквашвили, М.Г.Беридзе. // Радиомодифицирующее действие АТФ и АДФ на мембраносвязанные ферменты. Радиобиология, Москва, Т. 29, №5, стр. 648-651, 1989. \\ Nadareishvili KSh, Chikvashvili DV, Beridze MG. The radiomodifying action of ATP and ADP on membrane-bound enzymes. Radiobiologiia. 1989, V.29, №5, 648-651. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

144.     М.Г.Беридзе, К.Ш.Надареишвили Д.В.Чиквашвили. // Пострадиационные изменения активности  мембраносвязанных ферментов нервной ткани. Радиобиология, Москва, Т. 29, №5, стр. 601-604, 1989. \\ Beridze MG, Nadareishvili KSh, Chikvashvili DV. Postradiation changes in the activity of membrane-bound nerve tissue enzymes]. Radiobiologiia. 1989, V. 29, №5, pp 601-604. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

145.     М.А.Малацидзе, Г.К.Гоксадзе, В.И.Чикваидзе. // Влияние Х-облучения и химических радиопроторов разных класов на внутриклеточное содержание циклического аденозинмонофосфата (цАМФ) и циклического гуанизинмонофосфата (цГМФ) в головном мозге крыс. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 69-76, 1991. \\ M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze. Effect of Х-rays and chemical radioprotectors of different classes on intracellular content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the rat brain. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp.69-76. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

146.     М.А.Малацидзе, Г.К.Гоксадзе, В.И.Чикваидзе. // Влияние Х-облучения и ЛЛ-изотиурогия на активность сукцинатдегидрогеназы в головном мозге и печени крыс. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 77-81, 1991. \\ M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze. Effect of X-rays and LL-Isothiurone on the succinodehydrogenase activity in the rat brain and liver. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 77-81. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

147.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, М.С.Цицкишвили, Г.А.Гачечиладзе, Н.М.Катамадзе, Л.Н.Инцкирвели, С.Р.Киртадзе, Д.Н.Манжжгаладзе, Л.М.Мосулишвили, Т.Г.Саня,  Р.Е.Хазарадзе, Г.Л.Читанава, Н.Н.Шавдиа. // Воздействие Чернобыльской катастрофы на радиоэкологическую ситуацию в Закавказии. Сообшение 1. Радиоэкологическое эхо Чернобыля в Грузии.  Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 132-151, 1991. \\  K.Nadareishvili, M.Tsitskishvili, G.Gachechiladze, M.Katamadze, L.Intskirveli, S.Kirtadze, J.Mandjgaladze, L.Mosulishvili, T.Sanaia, R.Khazaradze, R.Chitanava, N.Shavdia. Effect of Chernobyl disaster on the radioecological situation in transcaucasus. Communication 1. Radionuclide echo of Chernobil in Georgia. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 132-151. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

148.     К.Ш.Надареишвили. // Экологическая антропология и проблемы радиационной безопасности населения республики Грузия. Сообщение 1. Некоторые национальные и глобальные проблемы экологии человека ддля Грузии Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 171-221, 1991. \\. K.Nadareishvili. Ecological anthropology and problems of radiation protection of population of the republic of Georgia. Communication 1. Some national and global problems of human ecology for Georgia. "Radiation Studies", 1991, Vol.6, Tbilisi, pp. 171-221, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

149.     კ.კოლხი. // ადამიანი და ეკოლოგიური პრობლემები. ეკოლოგიის პრობლემები. “მეცნიერება”, თბილისყ, ტ. 1, გვ. 185-222, 1990. \\ K.Kolkhi. People and ecological problems. Problems of ecology. “Metsniereba”, Tbilisi, 1990, V. 1, pp 185-222. Article in Georgian.

150.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, М.С.Цицкишвили, Р.Е.Хазарадзе, Д.Н.Манжжгаладзе, Р.Я.Вепхвадзе, С.Р.Киртадзе. // Воздействие чернобыльской катастрофы на радиоэкологическую ситуацию в Закавказии. Сообшение 2. О возможном проявлении влияния Чернобыльской катастрофы на здоровье  населения республики Грузия. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 6, стр. 152-170, 1991. \\ K.Nadareishvili, M.Tsitskishvili, R.Khazaradze, J.Mandjgaladze, R.Vepkhvadze, S.Kirtadze. Effect of Chernobil disaster on the radioecological situation in transcaucasus. Communication 1. On the possible manifestation of Chernobyl disaster effect on the health of population in the republic of Georgia. "Radiation Studies", Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 152-170. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

151.     К.Ш.Надареишвили, М.С.Цицкишвили, Б.К.Гоголадзе, И.Н.Диасамидзе, Г.Квирквелиа, С.Киртадзе, Л.Мосулишвили, А.А.Тодрадзе, Р.Хазарадзе, А.Г.Чхартишвили, Н.Моздокели, Н.Б.Цицкишвили, И.Г.Шатберашвили, Н.Н.Шавдия, Н.Г.Катамадзе. // Воздействие Чернобыльской катас-трофы на радиоэкологическую ситуацию в Закавказии. Сообщение 3. Предварительные эпидемиологические исследования в Грузии для выявления эпидемиологических нагрузок от авари Чернобыльской АЭС. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, стр. 157-173, 1994. \\ K.Nadareishvili, M.Tsitskishvili, B.Gogoladze, I.Diasamidze, G.Kvirkvinia, S.Kirtadze, L.Mosulishvili, N.Mozdokeli, A.Todradze, R.Khazaradze, A.Chkhartishvili, N.Tsitskishvili, I.Shatberashvili, N.Shavdia, N.Katamadze. The influence of chernobyl catastrophe on the radioecologic state of environment in the caucasian region. Part 3. The preliminary epidemiologic research on radioecologic loading in the territory of Georgia after Chernobyl catastrophe. "Radiation Studies" Vol. 7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 157-173. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

152.     К.Щ.Надареишвили, М.С.Цицкишвили, Б.З.Гоголадзе, Г.Квирквелиа, С.Р.Киртадзе, А.А.Тодрадзе, Н.А.Моздокели, Р.Е.Хазарадзе А.Г.Чхартишвили,, Н.Б.Цицкишвили, Н.Н.Шавдия, И.Г.Шатберашвили. // Воздействие чернобыльской катастрофы на радиоэкологическую ситуацию в Закавказии. Сообшение 4. Оценки внутреннего поступления техногенных радионуклидов алиментарным путем с рационом питания. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, стр. 174-196, 1994. \\ K.Nadareishvili, M.Tsitskishvili, B.Godoladze, B.Kvirkvinia, B.Kirtadze, A.Todradze, N.Mozdokeli, R.Khazaradze, A.Chkartishvili, N.Tsitsishvili, N.Shavdia, I.Shatberashvili, T.Shengelia. The influence of Chernobyl catastrophe on the radioecologic state of environment in the Caucasian region. Part 4. Study of penetration of technogenic radionuclides in the human body via the food (alimentary) in Georgia. "Radiation Studies" Vol. 7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 174-196. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

153.     М.С.Цицкишвили, Н.И.Берадзе, Т.М.Векуа, И.Х.Диасамидзе, Т.М.Векуа, Г.А.Гачечиладзе, Г.Т.Еркомаишвили, Л.Н.Инцкирвели, Н.А.Моздокели, Н.Г.Катамадзе, Г.А.Квирквелиа, М.Р.Нозадзе, А.А.Тодрадзе, А.Г.Чхартишвили, Н.Б.Цицкишвили, И.Г.Шатберашвили. // Основные результаты радиоэкологического мониторинга Закавказья. Сообшение 1. Исследование привноса техногенных радионуклидов. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, стр. 197-220, 1994. \\ M.Tsitskishvili, N.Beradze, I.Diasamidze, T.Vekua, B.Gaсheshiladze, G.Erkomaishvili, L.Intskirveli, N.Mozdokeli, N.Katamadze, G.Kvirkvinia, M.Nozadze, A.Todradze, A.Chkhartishvili, N.Tsitskishvili, I.Shatberashvili. The main results on the radioecologic monitoring of the Caucasian region. Part 1. "Radiation Studies" Vol. 7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 197-220. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

154.     Б.С.Гугушвили, О.И.Санеблидзе, Н.Б.Цицкишвили. // Тенденции развития радиационных исследований в Грузии. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 8, стр. 173-188, 1998. \\ B.Gugushvili, O.Saneblidze, N.Tsitskishvili. Trends of development of radiobiological studies in Georgia. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 173-188, Article in Russian, abstract in English.

155.     И.Х.Диасамидзе, Н.Г.Катамадзе, Н.Д.Ломинадзе, Я.З.Табагари, И.Г.Мамагеишвилии, А.Г.Чхартишвили М.С.Цицкишвили. // Оценки радиационного фона и дозовых нагрузок на население Грузии. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 8, стр. 230-242, 1998. \\ R.Diasamidze, N.Katamadze, N.Lomsadze, J.Tabagari, I.Mamageishvili, A.Chkhartishvili, M.Tsitskishvili. Estimations of background radiation and dose loadings of population in Georgia. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 230-242. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

156.     დ.ნაცვალაძე, მ.ციცქიშვილი, უ.თუმანიშვილი, მ.არდია, ჯ.მანჯგალაძე. // მიწისპირა რადიაქტიური გამოსხივების ექსპოზიციური დოზების დადგენისათვის საქართვეკოს ტერიტორიაზე. თბილისი, “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 8, გვ. 243-259, 1998. \\ D.Natsvaladze, M.Tsitskishvili, G.Tumanishvili, M.Ardia, J.Mandjgaladze. Establishment of exposure doses of ground radioactivity in the territory of Georgia. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 243-259. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

157.     Р.Е.Хазарадзе, Е.Р.Хазарадзе, М.С.Цицкишвили. М.Ардиа, Дж. Манджгаладзе. // Техногенно модифицировпнный радиационный фон – гигиенический аспект. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 8, стр. 260-272, 1998. \\  K.Khazaradze, R.Khazaradze, M.Tsitskishvili, M.Ardia, J.Mandjgaladze. Technogenically modified radiation background - a hygienic aspect. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 260-272. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

158.     რ.ხაზარაძე, ნ.არაბული, ი.თაბაგარი. // ჩერნობილის ავარიით გამოწვეული კვების პროდუქტების და რაციონების გაბინძურება ხელოვნური რადიონუკლიდებით. თბილისი, “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 8, გვ. 277-280, 1998. \\ R.Khazaradze , N.Arabuli, J.Tabagari. Population of food stuff and ration with radionuclide as a result of Chernobyl accident. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 277-280,  Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

159.     დ.ნაცვალაძე, გ..თუმანიშვილი, მ.ციცქიშვილი, ნ.ციცქიშვილი მ.არდია, ჯ.მანჯგალაძე. // საქართველოს რადიოჰიდროგეოეკოლოგიურპ ანომალიების ინფორმაციული ბაზის შექმა. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 8, გვ. 281-289, 1998. \\ D.Natsvaladze, G.Tumanishvili, M.Tsitskishvili, N.Tsitskishvili, M.Ardia, J.Mandjgaladze. Creation of information base on radiohydrogeoecological anomalies of Georgia. "Radiation Studies" Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 281-289, Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

160.     М.С.Цицкишвили. Г.В.Карчава, Н.Дж. Ломсадзе, М.М.Ардиа, И.Д.Мамагеишвили, Л.П.Гонджилашвили, В.Т.Ткешелашвили, Я.З.Табагари, К.Р.Ххазарадзе, Н.Б.Цицкишвили. // Радиационно-гигиеническая оценка и эпидемиологический анализ облучения населения Закавказья. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 8, стр. 290-309, 1998. \\ M.Tsitskishvili, G.Karchava, N.Lomsadze, M.Ardia I.Mamageishvili, L.Gonjilashvili, V.Tkeshelashvili, J.Tabagari, K.Khazaradze, N.Tsitskishvili. Radiation-hygienic estimation and epidemiologic analysis of population irradiation levels in the transcaucasus. “Radiation Studies” Vol.8, 1998, Tbilisi, pp. 290-309. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

161.     M.S. Tsitskishvili. // Radiation ecology of mountainous regions – Epoch of Chernobyl in the Caucasus (1986-1998). Radiation Studies, Vol.  IX, 2000, pp 103-134. Article in English.   

162.     M.S.Tsitskishvili, // Epoch of Chernobyl on southern Caucasus. Materials of International workshop on “Distant transfer of radionuclides in mountainous regions”, Tbilisi, 06-10 November, 2006 pp 10-23. Article in English and Russian. // М.С.Цицкишвили. Эпоха чернобыля на южном Кавказе. Материалы международного семинара “Дальний перенос радионуклидов в горных регионах”, Тбилиси,  6-10 ноября 2006. стр. 10-23.

163.     გ.ტ.გადელია, ქ.ხაზარაძე, ლ.ციცქიშვილი, ქ.მურჯიკნელი, ი.მამაგეიშვილი, თ.სოლოშვილი, მ.ციცქიშვილი. // სამედიცინო–რენტგენოლოგიური პროცედურების დაზიმეტრიის პრობლემები. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 10, გვ. 139-148, 2002. \\ G.T.Gadelia, K.R.Khazaradze, L.B.Tsitskishvili, K.G.Murjikneli, I.H.Mamageishvili, T.A.Soloshvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili. Problems of dosimetry in medical roentgenologic studies. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 139-148. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

164.     გ.ტ.გადელია, ქ.ხაზარაძე, ლ.ციცქიშვილი, ქ.მურჯიკნელი, ი.მამაგეიშვილი, თ.სოლოშვილი, მ.ციცქიშვილი. // პაციენტების უსაფრთხოების საკითხები თანამედროვე რენტგენოლოგიური გამოკვლევების დროს. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 10, გვ. 149-158, 2002. \\ G.T.Gadelia, K.R.Khazaradze, L.B.Tsitskishvili, K.G.Murjikneli, I.H.Mamageishvili, T.A.Soloshvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili. Problems of patient’s safety under modern roentgen studies. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp  149-158. Article in Georgian, abstract in English.

165.     Г.А.Абралава, Г.Т.Гаделиа, В.А.Гончарова, Л.П.Гонджилашвили, РИДиасамидзе, Г.В.Карчава, И.Д.Мамагеишвили, Т.А.Солошвили, В.Т.Ткешелашвили, К.Р.Ххазарадзе, А.Г.Чхартишвили, М.С.Цицкишвили, Н.Б.Цицкишвили, Е.Р.Чургулиа, М.П.Шатберашвили. // Комплексное воздействие радиационных факторов и полютантов и онкоэпидемиология регионов Грузии. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 10, стр. 188-201, 1998. \\. G.A.Abralava, G.T.Gadelia, V.A.Goncharova, N.P.Gonjilashvili, R.I.Diasamidze, G.V.Karchava, I.G.Mamageishvili, T.A.Soloshvili, V.T.Tkeshelashvili, K.R.Khazaradze, A.G.Chkhartishvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili, N.B.Tsitskishvili, E.P.Churgulia, M.P.Shatberashvili. Complex effect of radiation factors and pollutants. Oncoepidemioilogy in the regions of Georgia. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 188-201. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

166.     გ.აბრალავა, გ.გადელია, ნ.გონჯილაშვილი, რ.დიასამიძე, გ.ქარჩავა, ნ.ლომსაძე, ი.მამაგეიშვილი, თ.სულოშვილი, ქ.ხაზარაძე, ა.ჩხარტიშვილი, მ.ციცქიშვილი, ნ.ციცქიშვილი, ე.ჭურღულია, მ.შატბერაშვილი. // საქართველოს რეგიონების ონკოეპიდემიოლოგიური სიტუაცია. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, ტ. 10, გვ. 202-214, 2002. \\ G.A.Abralava, G.T.Gadelia, P.Gonjilashvili, R.I.Diasamidze, G.V.Karchava, N.J.Lomsadze, I.G.Mamageishvili, T.A.Suloshvili, K.R.Khazaradze, A.G.Chkhartishvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili, N.B.Tsitskishvili, E.R.Churgulia, E.K.Shanava, M.P.Shatberashvili. Oncoepidemiology in regions of Georgia. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp  202-214. Article in Georgian, abstract in Russian and English.

167.      ნ.ს.ბუაჩიძე, ი.ნ.დიასამოძე, გ.ტ.ინწკირველი, გ.ტ.გადელია, გ.ვ.ქარჩავა, ვ.ს.მამაგეიშვილი, მ.ს.ციცქიშვილი, ე.გ.შავდია, ე.გ.ჭურღულია. // მცენარეების როლი წყალსატევებში სტრონციუმ-90-ის გადანაწილებაში. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, თბილისი, ტ. 10, გვ. 215-223, 2002. \\ N.S. Buachidze, R.I. Diasamidze, L.N. Intskirveli, G.T. Gadelia, G.V. Karchava,   I.H. Mamageishvili, M.S. Tsitskishvili, E.G. Shanava, E.G. Churgulia. The role of plants in strontium circulation in water-basins. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp  215-223. Article in Georgian, abstract in Russian and English.  

168.     ნ.ა.არაბული, ნ.ს.ბუაჩიძე, გ.ტ.ინწკირველი, გ.ტ.გადელია, გ.ვ.ქარჩავა, ვ.ს.მამაგეიშვილი, მ.ს.ციცქიშვილი, ე.გ.შავდია, ე.გ.ჭურღულია. // რადიოიზოტოპების დაგროვება მტკნარი წყალსატევების მცენარეების მიერ. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, თბილისი, ტ. 10, გვ. 224-239, 2002. \\ N.A.Arabuli, N.S.Buachidze, L.N.Intskirveli, G.T.Gadelia, G.V.Karchava, I.H.Mamageishvili, M.S.Tsitskishvili, E.G.Shanava, E.G.Churgulia. Radioisotope accumulation in fresh water plants. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 224-239. Article in Russian. Article in Georgian, abstract in Russian and English.

169.     ნ.ს.ბუაჩიძე, გ.ტ.გადელია, გ.ტ.გოლიაძე, ბ.ს.გუგუშვოლო, ი.ნ.დიასამოძე, გ.ტ.ინწკირველი, გ.ვ.ქარჩავა, ე.გ.შავდია, ე.გ.ჭურღულია. მ.ს.ციცქიშვილი, // ბუნებრივი წყლების რადიოაქტიობის ეკოლოგიური ნორმირების საკითხისათვის. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, თბილისი, ტ. 10, გვ. 231-242, 2002. \\ N.S.Buachidze, G.T.Gadelia, N.K.Goliadze, B.S.Gugushvili, R.I.Diasamidze, L.N.Inckirveli, G.V.Karchava, E.G.Shanava, E.H.Churgulia, M.S.Tsitskishvil. Ecological aspects of normalizing the radioactivity of environmental waters. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 231-242. Article in Russian. Article in Georgian, abstract in Russian and English.

170.     მ.ციცქიშვილი, გ.ტ.გადელია, უ.ქარჩავა, ა.ჩხარტიშვილი, ე.პეტრიაშვილი. ლ.ციცქიშვილი, თ.სულოშვილი, ვ.გონჩაროვა. // ზღურბლის პრობლემა თანამედროვე რადიობიოლოგიასა და მედიცინაში. “რადიაციული გამოკვლევები”, თბილისი, ტ. 10, გვ. 37-47, 2002. \\ M.S.Tsitskishvili, G.T.Gadelia, G.V.Karchava, A.G.Chkhartishvili, E.M.Petriashvili, L.B.Tsitskishvili, t.M.Suloshvili, V.H.Goncharova. Problems of threshold of radiation effects in modern radiobiology and medicine. Radiation Studies, Vol. X, 2002, pp 37-47. Article in Georgian, abstract in Russian and English.

171.     Б.Гугушвили. // Научные аспекты развития исследований в области радиационной экологии. Радиационные исследования, Тбилиси, Т. 7, стр. 221-231, 1998. \\ B.Gugushvili. Scientific aspects of research development in the field of radiation ecology. "Radiation Studies" Vol.7, 1994, Tbilisi, pp. 221-231. Article in Russian, abstract in English.

172.     К.Надареишвили, Б.Гугушвили, М.Цицкишвили. // Радиобиология в диссертациях и монографиях (Библиография). Тбилиси, Мецниереба, стр. 3-456. \\ K.Nadareischvili, B.Gugushvili, M.Tskitishvili. Radiobiology in dissertations and monographs (Bibliography). 1989.  Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”, pp 3-462.

173.     Б.Гугушвили, М.Джагджгава, Е.Кахиани, К.Надареишвили, О.Санеблидзе. // Профилактика и терапия лучевых поражений (Библиография). Книга 1. Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1986, стр. 3-883. \\ B.Gugushvili, M.Janjgava, E.Kakhiani, K.Nadareishvili, O.Saneblidze. Prophylactics and therapy of radiation injuries (Bibliography). 1986.  Bock 1, pp 3-883, Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”.

174.     Б.Гугушвили, М.Джагджгава, Е.Кахиани, К.Надареишвили, О.Санеблидзе. // Профилактика и терапия лучевых поражений (Библиография). Книга 2. Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1986, стр. 3-397. \\ B.Gugushvili, M.Janjgava, E.Kakhiani, K.Nadareishvili, O.Saneblidze. Prophylactics and therapy of radiation injuries (Bibliography). 1986.  Bock 2, pp 3-397, Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”.

175.      Б.Гугушвили, К.Надареишвили. // Противолучевые лечебные средства (Справочник). Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1986, стр. 3-296. \\ B.Gugushvili, K.Nadareischvili. Means of treatment of radiation injury (reference book). 1989.  Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”, pp 3-296.

176.     Б.Гугушвили, М.Джагджгава, Е.Кахиани, К.Надареишвили, О.Санеблидзе М.Хурция. // Радиопротекторы (Справочник). Тбилиси, Мецниереба, 1987, стр. 3-472. \\ B.Gugushvili, M.Janjgava, E.Kakhiani, K.Nadareishvili, O.Saneblidze. M.Khurtsia. Radioprotectors (Reference book). 1987.  Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”, pp 3-472.

177.     В.Гвахария, Б.Гугушвили, К.Надареишвили, М.Цицкишвили. // Антропогенные загрязнения биосферыю (Библиография). Тбилиси, Гама стр. 3-217. \\ V.Gvakharia, B.Gugushvili, K.Nadareischvili, M.Tsitskishvili. Man-Made Pollution  of Biosphere,  (Bibliography). 2003.  Tbilisi, “Gama”, pp 217.

178.     К.Надареишвили, Б.Гугушвили. // Радиационная экология (Библиография). Тбилиси, Мецниереба, Том 1. 1992, стр. 3-608. \\ K.Nadareishvili, B.Gugushvili. Radation ecology (Bibliography). 1992. Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”, Vol1. 1, pp 3 – 608.

179.     К.Надареишвили, Б.Гугушвили. // Радиационная экология (Библиография). Тбилиси, Мецниереба, Том 2. 1992, стр. 609-1087. \\ K.Nadareischvili, B.Gugushvili. Radation ecology (Bibliography). 1992. Tbilisi, “Metsniereba”, Vol. 2 pp 609 – 1087.

180.     პიტერ კოლინი. // ეკოლოგია და ბუნების დაცვა. ინგლისურ-ქართული განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 372 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: Peter Collin. Dictionary of ecology and the environment. 2001, Tbilisi, pp 372 (In Georgian). Translated from third English edition, 1997, 272 p.

181.     ს.მ.ჰ. კოლინი. // პერსონალური კომპიუტერები და ინტერნეტი. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 243 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: S.M.H.Collin. Dictionary of personal computing and the internet. 2000, Tbilisi, pp 243,  (In Georgian). Translated from Second English edition, 1998, 234 p.

182.     ს.მ.ჰ. კოლინი. // მულტიმედია. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 300 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდანდან:  S.M.H.Collin. Dictionary of multimedia. 2000, Tbilisi, pp 300 (In Georgian). Translated from second English edition, 1997, 250 p.© Text Copyright Simon Collin 1995, 1997. ISBN 1-901659-01-1.

183.     პიტერ კოლინი. // სასტუმროების, ტურიზმის და საზოგადოებრივი კვების მენეჯმენტი. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 372 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: Peter Collin. Ddictionary of hotels, tourism and catering management. 2001, Tbilisi, pp 372 (In Georgian). Translated from therd English edition, 1998, 298 p© Copyright P.H.Collin 1994. ISBN 0-948549-40-8.

184.     პიტერ კოლინი. // ბიზნესი. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 550 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: Peter Collin. Dictionary of business. 2001, Tbilisi, pp 550,  ISBN 99928-888-3-0 (In Georgian). Translated from second  English edition, 1999, 352 p. © Copyright P.H.Collin  1985, 1994. ISBN 0-948549-51-3.

185.     ს.ბეიკერი, პ.ბრეიდლი, ჯ.ჰიუტონი. // სასტუმროების ფუნქციონირების პრინციპები. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 498 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან:  S.Baker, P.Bradley, J.Huyton. Principles of hotel front office operations. 2001, Tbilisi, pp 498,  ISBN 99928-888-4-9 (In Georgian). Translated from second  English edition, 2000, 320 p. © Copyright S.Baker, P.Bradley, J.Huyton. ISBN 0-8264-4709-0.

186.    მ.არმსტრონგი. // მენეჯმენტის ტექნიკა. სახელმძღვანელო. 554 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: M.Armstrong. A Handbook of Management Techniques. 2002, Tbilisi, pp 554,  ISBM 99928-888-5-7. (In Georgian). Translated from third English edition, 2001, 751 p. © Copyright Michael Armstrong, ISBN 0 7494 3094 X.

187.     ა.ფრანცისი. // ბიზნესის მათემატიკა და სტატისტიკა. ინგლისურ-ქართოლი განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი. 498 გვ. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან: A.Francis. Business Mathematics and Statistics. Fifth Edition. Lets Educational, Copyright A. Francis © 1998, ISBN 1 85805 369 2.