| RADIATION STUDIES
VOL. 6 The Cellection of papers entitled Radiation Studies, Vol. 6
sponsored by the Scientific Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology of Georgian
Academy of Sciences and Academy of Ecological Sciences of Georgia presents the results of
studies on the molecular, cellular and systemic mechanisms of action of ionizing and
nonionizing radiation on the human and animal body, as well as those on the problems of
radiation protection and radiation ecology. The Cellection is of interest to
radiobiologists, physiologists, ecologists and specialists of a wide medico-biological
profile, concerned with the mechanism of biological action of radiation and radiation
protection on various levels of organization of biological systems.
Contents
EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN, ADRENALIN, VASOPRESSIN AND PITUITRIN ON VASOPRESSIN
SECRETION AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ADAPTATION SYNDROME INDUCED BY IONIZING RADIATION
N.Gzirishvili, K.Kabzinadze
RADIATION EFFECT ON AGGRESSIVE RATS BEHAVIOR AND QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF
FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE RAT BRAIN
M.Nikolaishvili, G.Jordanishvili, K.Nadareishvili, N.Melitauri
EFFECT OF X-RAYS ON AMINO ACID CONTENT IN THE RAT BLOOD SERUM
N.Melitauri
MEMBRANE ATP-ASE POSTRADIATION CHANGES AND EFFECT OF ADENYL GROUP COMPOUNDS
D.Chikvashvili, M.Beridze, V.Maisuradze
EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION AND ADENYL GROUP COMPOUNDS ON THE RAT BRAIN
MICROSOMAL FRACTION MONOMOLECULAR LAYER PROPERTIES AND NA, K-ATP-ASE ACTIVITY
A.Egiazarova, D.Chikvashvili, V.Mkhchian
EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THERMAL DENATURATION OF MEMBRANES AND DNA OF
FROG EGG CELLS
K.Nadareishvili, T.Sanaya, V.Tevdoradze, N.Mozdokeli
EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND CHEMICAL RADIOPROTECTORS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES ON
INTRACELLULAR CONTENT OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (cGMP) IN THE RAT BRAIN
M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze
EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND LL-ISOTHIURONE ON THE SUCCINODEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN
THE RAT BRAIN AND LIVER
M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze
INFLUENCE OF X-RAYS AND Ca IONS ON THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY OF DNA AND
SATELLITE DNA
T.Sanaia, N.Mozdokeli, A.Dolidze
PROFESSIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE EFFECT ON MEDICAL STAFF HEALTH
K.Gelashvili, N.Khazarbegishvili, N.Dvali, N.Vepkhvadze
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE RAT INDUCED BY HELIUM-NEON LASER RADIATION OF
FASCIAL MUCOSA AND ABDOMINAL ANTERIOR WALL
G.Vadachkoria, O.Tsintsadze, N.Amiriyan, M.Goguadze, M.Chkheidze
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE URINARY BLADDER DURING HELIUM-NEON LASER EXPOSURE
OF THE GONAL, BUCCAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND THE ABDOMEN ANTERIOR WALL
G.Vadachkoria, O.Tsintsadze, N.Amirian, M.Goguadze, D.Chkhatarashvili
COMBINED EFFECT OF RADIOSENSIBILIZER 5-BROM-2- DEOXYURIDINE AND
RADIOPROTECTOR ANFEN ON FORMATION OF 60**CO *-QUANTA-INDUCED CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN
HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
C.Chikhladze, A.Akifyev
ACOUSTICAL STUDY OF EDTA-METAL (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) COMPLEXES FORMATION IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
B.Kankia*, V.Buckin**, T.Funck***
ALTERATION OF APPARENT VOLUME AND APPARENT ADIABATIC COMPRESSIBILITY DURING
INTERACTION OF Mg, Ca, Sr AND Ba IONS WITH EDTA AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
B.Kankia*, V.Buckin**, T.Funck***
EFFECT OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER ON THE RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN
TRANSCAUCASIA Communication I RADIONUCLIDE ECHO OF CHERNOBIL IN GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili*, M.Tsitskishvili*, G.Gachechiladze****, M.Katamadze*, L.Intskirveli****,
S.Kirtadze**, J.Mandjgaladze***, L.Mosulishvili*, T.Sanaia*, R.Khazaradze**,
R.Chitanava****, N.Shavdia**
EFFECT OF CHERNOBIL DISASTER ON THE RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN
TRANSCAUCASIA Communication I ON THE POSSIBLE MANIFESTATION OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER EFFECT
ON THE HEALTH OF POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili*, M.Tsitskishvili*, R.Khazaradze**, J.Mandjgaladze***, R.Vepkhvadze**,
S.Kirtadze**
ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND PROBLEMS OF RADIATION PROFEGTION OF POPULATION
OF THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA Part 1. SOME NATIONAL AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMAN ECOLOGY FOR
GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili
Abstracts of Volume 7
EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN, ADRENALIN, VASOPRESSIN AND PITUITRIN ON
VASOPRESSIN SECRETION AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ADAPTATION SYNDROME INDUCED BY IONIZING
RADIATION
N.Gzirishvili, K.Kabzinadze
Intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg serotonin, 0.1% of adrenalin, 10 pg/kg
vasopressin and 2.5 E pituitrin without irradiation as well as 15 min before whole-body
irradiation in the dose of 8 Gy results in activation of the hypothalamo-vasopresinergic
system. The enchancement of vasopressin secretion occurs after injection of these drugs,
including injection 15 min before irradiation, though the pronounceness and direction of
the changes were found to be dependent upon the initial level of vasopressin in the blood.
The higher the initial level, the stronger is the vasopressin secretion. Alteration of
vasopressin concentration in the blood is most pronounced after pituitrin injection, then
the effect is diminished in the following sequences: serotonin, vasopressin and adrenalin.
This sequence is correlated with the survival of animals. The animals with pituitrin
injection are characterized by the longest survivability - 85%. Then the animal with a
high initial vasopressin content which were injected with 5 mg/kg serotonin survivability
- 75%. The animals with initial low content of vasopressin content which were injected
with 5 mg/kg serotonin survivability - 75%. The animals with initial low content of
vasopressin after injection of serotonin in the same dose are characterized by a
relatively low survivability - 50%. Following injection of 10 pg/kg vasopressin in spite
of its least dose, survivability makes up 67%, while after adrenalin injection it makes up
37,5%. All the above-indicated drugs manifest their radioprotective effect through the
action on the hypothalamo-vasopressinergic system. It should be noted that the animals
with a high initial content and secretion of vasopressin only under conditions of exposure
of 8 Gy without administration of radioprotectors possess a high
radioresistance-survivability that makes up 66%. This indicates that these animals in
general have a high activity of neuropeptidergic system. The enchancement of vasopressin
secretion under the influence of all radioprotectors indicated above against the
background of ionizing radiation occurs during primary response in the stage of anxiety
stress, after 24 h and from the 5th day after exposure vasopressin secretion gets reduced
or remains unaltered as compared to the initial level. Concentration of vasopressin is
also reduced in animals with the initial high content of vasopressin, but after the
exposure of 8 Gy. While in the animals with the initial low content of vasopressin 5 days
after irradiation during a month one can observe enchancement of vasopressin secretion
depending on severity of disease, although not to such extent as is specific for the
primary response in the stage of anxiety stress. All the above said indicates the
envolvement of the hypothalamo-vasopressinergic system of vasopressin neuropeptide hormone
in the protective reactions of the organism during the action of ionizing radiation.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Physiology
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 5-25, Article in Georgian
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RADIATION EFFECT ON AGGRESSIVE RATS BEHAVIOR AND QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION
OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE RAT BRAIN
M.Nikolaishvili, G.Jordanishvili, K.Nadareishvili, N.Melitauri
The effect of ionizing radiation on aggressive and nonaggressive rats' behavior in open
field and on the distribution of free amino acids in different brain areas (anterior and
posterior parts of the cerebral hemispheres, hippocampus, colliculus) was studied. The
metabolic processes of some active substances (those containing amino acids, biogenic
amines, SH-groups), which at the same time are radioprotective products, were shown to
occur divensely and with different intensity in aggressive and non aggressive rats.
Therefore, it can be suggested that the diverse metabolism and intensity of these
compounds and aggressive and nonaggressive rats' behavior and their radiosensitivity may
be in dtrect or inderect dependence.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biochemistry
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 26-37, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF X-RAYS ON AMINO ACID CONTENT IN THE RAT BLOOD SERUM
N.Melitauri
The effect of a single X-ray exposure (800 R) on the amino acid content in the rat blood
serum was studied. The Kreb's cycle and gluconeogenetic activity are judged by the
quantitative changes in the amino acids involved in these processes. The results obtained
indicate that amino acids are more intensively utilized in the Kreb's cycle 1 h after
exposure than 24 h after, while their utilization in gluconeogenesis is less after 1h than
24 h.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biochemistry
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 38-47, Article in Russian
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MEMBRANE ATP-ASE POSTRADIATION CHANGES AND EFFECT OF ADENYL GROUP
COMPOUNDS
D.Chikvashvili, M.Beridze, V.Maisuradze
Study was made on the effect of compounds of adenyl group ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosin on
the membrane enzyme activity: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mg-ATPases and para-nitrophenylphosphatase.
Microsomal fractior from the intact Wistar rat brain and from those exposed to whole-body
irradiation was studied 24 h after the exposure. Among adenylates only adenosin
manifestated a radioprotective effect: Na, K-, Ca, Mg-ATPase, paranitrophenylphosphatase
activities and the protein thiole level increased, the amount of final products of
hydrodioxides and lipid dioxides significantly decreased.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biochemistry
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 48-57, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION AND ADENYL GROUP COMPOUNDS ON THE RAT BRAIN
MICROSOMAL FRACTION MONOMOLECULAR LAYER PROPERTIES AND NA, K-ATP-ASE ACTIVITY
A.Egiazarova, D.Chikvashvili, V.Mkhchian
The dynamics of physio-chemical properties of microsomal monolayers isolated 1, 24 h and
69 h after total irradiation and Na, K-ATPase activity were studied. The dose of exposure
was 108 Gy. If 1-24 h after the exposure the Na, K-ATPase activity was increased and ATP
and AMP possessed radioprotective ability, in 69 h, just in the period of the animal's
sacrifice, adenylic compounds augmented the destructive role of radiation that manifested
itself in reduction of enzyme activity and in increase in the area of monolayers against
the background of augmentation of the electric potential.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biophysics
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 57-62, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THERMAL DENATURATION OF MEMBRANES AND DNA OF FROG EGG
CELLS
K.Nadareishvili, T.Sanaya, V.Tevdoradze, N.Mozdokeli
The effect of ionizing radiation on thermal denaturation of the homogenate of frog's egg
cells at early stages of cleavage was studied. Before exposure of egg cells at the stage
of first and subsequent cleavage thermal capacity of the membrane was shown to undergo
linear changes, after irradiation in the dose of 12 Gy alteration of the membrane thermal
capacity has a nonlinear character. Thermal absorption of the egg cell membranes is more
after irradiation than in nonirradiated egg cells. Thermal absorption of eggcell DNA at
early stage of cleavage is enchanced and is higher than before fertilization of egg cells.
The enchancement of thermal absorption is supposed to be induced by DNA synthesis.
Radiation in the dose of 12 Gy results in a decrease of thermostability of DNA at 4oC at
the stage of first division. Thermal absorption of DNA of irradiated egg cells at the
first stage of cleavage appears to be by 22.6% lower than that of nonirradiated egg cells.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biophysics and Radiation Physiology
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 63-67, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND CHEMICAL RADIOPROTECTORS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES ON
INTRACELLULAR CONTENT OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (cGMP) IN THE RAT BRAIN
M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze
In experiments on male albino rats comparative study was made of the effect of
radioprotectors (mercaptumine, serotonin, dopamine, isothiurones and cystaphose) on the
level of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in the rat brain irradiated in the dose 10 Gy
in different postradiation periods (5, 30, 60 min and 2 hours). Radiation was shown to
result in the discoordination of the functional system of these nucleotides, while the
ratio between them remained unaltered.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biochemistry
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 69-76, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF X-RAYS AND LL-ISOTHIURONE ON THE SUCCINODEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY
IN THE RAT BRAIN AND LIVER
M.Malatsidze, G.Goksadze, V.Chikvaidze
In the experiments on albino rats the effect of X-rays and isothiurone on the
succinodehydrogenase activity in the brain and liver of animals irradiated in the dose of
10 Gy Was studied.Intraperitoneal administration of isothiuronium (52 mg/kg) to intact
rats 15 min prior to exposure was shown to cause a sharp increase of the enzyme activity
in both tissues 30 min after irradiation, followed by a rapid reduction of its activity to
the initial level.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biochemistry
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 77-81, Article in Russian
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INFLUENCE OF X-RAYS AND Ca IONS ON THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY OF DNA AND
SATELLITE DNA
T.Sanaia, N.Mozdokeli, A.Dolidze
Using the method of microcalorimetry, the effect of radiation and Ca ions on thermal
denaturation of DNA and satellite DNA was studied. Increase in the Ca ions concentration
in DNA solution was shown to enchance thermostability of DNA structure and its satellites
resulting in the augmentation of thermodynamic parameters of DNA (denaturation enthalpy,
maximal alteration of relative thermal capacity, initial, maximal and final temperature of
melting). DNA solution irradiated in the dose of 80 Gy in the presence of Ca ions in the
amount 20 mcl 0.1 M CaCl2 per 2 ml 0.15 M NaCl of DNA solution reliably decreases
denaturating effect of radiation. The DNA structure irradiated at 80 Gy in the presence of
100 mcl 0.1 M CaCl2 per 2 ml 0.15 M NaCl of DNA solution disturbs the DNA structure, i.e.
the effect of radiosensibilization is observed.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Biophysics
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 82-88, Article in Russian
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PROFESSIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE EFFECT ON MEDICAL STAFF HEALTH
K.Gelashvili, N.Khazarbegishvili, N.Dvali, N.Vepkhvadze
The health of Medical staff subjected to professional irradiation has been studied.
Observation was made on peripheral blood changes and morbidity. The peripheral blood
changes were found within normal limits. Hemopoietic tension was noted.
Tbilisi State Medical University Chair of Radiation Hygiene
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 89-96, Article in Georgian
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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE RAT INDUCED BY HELIUM-NEON LASER RADIATION OF
FASCIAL MUCOSA AND ABDOMINAL ANTERIOR WALL
G.Vadachkoria, O.Tsintsadze, N.Amiriyan, M.Goguadze, M.Chkheidze
The structural changes in the rat testes developed in different parts of the organism
(fascial mucosa, anterior wall of the abdomen) following helium-neon laser radiation were
studied. In addition, the effect of direct irradiation by focussed red rays of the same
spectrum on testes was also studied. Irradiation was made 5 and 10 times daily. Samples
were taken 30 days after the exposure when structural changes attained maximum. Rather
severe structural changes were found to occur in the testes, starting with the primary to
spermatozoids and then spreading over the less differentiated cells of the spermatogenic
epithelium. The damage appears to be more pronounced in the case of exposure of the buccal
mucosa than the abdomen anterior wall. Fairly deep structural changes were found in the
spermatogenic epithelium of testes after exposure of focussed red rays. The data obtained
suggest that the changes in the spermatogenic epithelium following irradiation of the
sites remote from the testes are induced through the excitable energy transmission by way
of migration and absorption of light waves of definite length by some of the cell and
membrane containing components. As far as the thermal factor is concerned, it seems to
intensify the degree of injury.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Institute of Experimental Morphology
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 97-104, Article in Russian
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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE URINARY BLADDER DURING HELIUM-NEON LASER
EXPOSURE OF THE GONAL, BUCCAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND THE ABDOMEN ANTERIOR WALL
G.Vadachkoria, O.Tsintsadze, N.Amirian, M.Goguadze, D.Chkhatarashvili
Morphological changes were studied in the wall of the urinary bladder following
helium-neon laser exposure of the rat's gonal, buccal mucous membrane and the skin of the
abdomen anterior wall. Changes were found in the wall of the urinary bladder evidenced by
dystrophic shifts, formation of cysts, prominent huperemia, reduction of the loose
connective tissue and coursening of the lamina propria. All this indicates that there
occurs energy transmission by way of migration of laser waves of definite length and its
absorption by some componends of cells and membranes, that conditions laser injury effect
of other organs.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Institute of Experimental Morphology
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 105-109, Article in Russian
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COMBINED EFFECT OF RADIOSENSIBILIZER 5-BROM-2- DEOXYURIDINE AND
RADIOPROTECTOR ANFEN ON FORMATION OF 60**CO *-QUANTA-INDUCED CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN
HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
C.Chikhladze, A.Akifyev
Clear radioprotective effect of anfen on 5-BU DNA damaging, leading to formation of
chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of clinically healthy people, was shown. The level
of protective effect in combination thymidine+anfen+*-rays was practically the same as in
the variant, where anfen was present in medium with cells, containing 5-BU DCA 40%.
Protective effect of anfen revealed regarding chromosome aberrations is mainly of
chromatin type.
Scientific Research Centre of GeneticalEcology, Tbilisi Institute of Chemical Physics,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 110-115, Article in Russian
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ACOUSTICAL STUDY OF EDTA-METAL (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) COMPLEXES FORMATION IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
B.Kankia*, V.Buckin**, T.Funck***
By measuring the charges of concentration increment of the ultrasonic velocity complex
formation of EDTA (ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid), with metal ions (Magnesium, Calcium,
Stroncium, Barium) was studied in aqueous solution at 25oC. The following conclusions have
been made: 1. The method of differential of ultrasound velocity enables to study with a
high accuracy the interaction between complex ions and cathions in aqueous solutions that
is very important for the toxic cathions fall-out from the organism, 2. During the
interaction of EDTA and cathions the dehydration effect of their atoms gets reduced as the
radius of cathions increases; Exception makes Ca.
* Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology, Tbilisi, Georgia **
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia *** Institute of
Biophisical Chemistry, Getingen, Germany
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 116-123, Article in Russian
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ALTERATION OF APPARENT VOLUME AND APPARENT ADIABATIC COMPRESSIBILITY
DURING INTERACTION OF Mg, Ca, Sr AND Ba IONS WITH EDTA AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
B.Kankia*, V.Buckin**, T.Funck***
Using acoustic and densitometric methods the values of apparent volume and apparent
adiabatic compressibility changes during the interaction of EDTA
(ethylenediaminetetraaceticuacid) aqueoes solutions with Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba cathions were
determined. As a result of formation of complexes of the second group second subgroup
cathions and EDTA, apparent volume and dius of elements increases, the apparent volume has
apparent adiabatic compressibility increases. As the atomic radius of elements increases,
the apparent volume hes a tendency to decrease, whereas the apparent adiabatic compression
gets monotonously reduced. Exception makes Ca for which the change of either parameters is
less as compared to other cathions.
* Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology, Tbilisi, Georgia **
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ***Institute of
Biophysical Chemistry, Getingen, Germany
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 124-131, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER ON THE RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN
TRANSCAUCASIA Communication I RADIONUCLIDE ECHO OF CHERNOBIL IN GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili*, M.Tsitskishvili*, G.Gachechiladze****, M.Katamadze*, L.Intskirveli****,
S.Kirtadze**, J.Mandjgaladze***, L.Mosulishvili*, T.Sanaia*, R.Khazaradze**,
R.Chitanava****, N.Shavdia**
The radiometric data and statements on the polluting effects of Chernobil disaster in
Western Georgia are given. The main regularity is revealed.
* Georgian Academy of Sciences, ** Ministry of Health Service of Georgia *** Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Production of Georgia **** Hydrometeorology Department of Georgia
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 132-151, Article in Russian
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EFFECT OF CHERNOBIL DISASTER ON THE RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN
TRANSCAUCASIA Communication I ON THE POSSIBLE MANIFESTATION OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER EFFECT
ON THE HEALTH OF POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili*, M.Tsitskishvili*, R.Khazaradze**, J.Mandjgaladze***, R.Vepkhvadze**,
S.Kirtadze**
Analysis was made of basic radioecological concepts on the comparison with medical
statistics in Georgia. Preliminary data and statements on the polluting effect of
Chernobyl disaster in Western Georgia. The regularities of distribution of pollution
levels were estimated.
* Georgian Academy of Sciences ** Ministry of Health Service of Georgia *** Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Production of Georgia
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 152-170, Article in Russian
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ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND PROBLEMS OF RADIATION PROFEGTION OF
POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA Part 1. SOME NATIONAL AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMAN
ECOLOGY FOR GEORGIA
K.Nadareishvili
The paper deals with the premises of general principles of radiation safety from the point
of national and global problems of ecological anthropology. The programme of biospheric
and ecological studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, some publications devoted to this
issue and discussion of the materials are considered. It is emphasired that all these
communications besides having drawback of lacking such a specific and very essential
ecological risk-factor as emotiogenic cognitive information dissipated by means of any
forms of communications (publicism, electronic press, verbal information including
rumours, etc.), capable of resulting in no less significant for health distabilization of
homeostatic mechanisms with severe somatic and neurotic disorders than the effect of a
number of other physical and chemical ecological risk-factors or, on the contrary,
stimulation of positive processes. The positibility of free, good willing, objective and
comprehensive exchange of information at all levels of organization of the human community
is considered by the author to be the most important premise for the ecological safety of
population. Pluralism of opinions not reinforced by the pluralism of action, and
limitation of possibility of realization of objective motivations in man is interpreted as
an important link of attenuation of adaptive possibilities of man as a biological species
and personality, as the ecological factor of aggressiveness, generation of pathological
motivations, impoverishment of the human milieu interier determining his attitude to the
external world, to the environment including the milieu of his own genus. Considered in
the paper is the conception in terms of which the quality of the life of population should
necessarity be considered in relation to the dynamics of the balance and stability of the
entire ecosystem of the habitat of man, including social and political environments. This
lends support to some new aspects of ecological right providing for ecological dividends
or taxing in favour of nature-protecting enterprises for the use of nature at all levels
of ierarchy of industry. Theoretical premises for the creation of the efficient mechanism
of self-regulation of ecological safety of man, like marketing in economics are
considered. In the author's opinion, such a mechanism does exist in ecology but it is
realized in local or global scores at the expencse of reduction of populations, potential
danger of extinction of some particular species of plants and animals, including man. In
order to prevent the realization of this self-regulation mechanism of any ecosystem,
including such a macrosystem as the planet of the Earth, in the author's opinion, it is
necessary that a new economic teaching be created taking into account the environment not
only as a passive, local or global world of activity, but also as one of the members of
industrial process together with other economic categories. Not only social, i.e.
consumer's but also biological and spiritual entities of man should be borne in mind. This
economic theory, or social-economic formation, according to the author's view, should
provide for dividends for the use of nature in any type of industry and the mechanisms of
investment of these means again not only for the enterprises aimed at protecting the
nature, including the nature of internal, spiritual world of the man, but also for the
expenses of compensation for the debt to the nature and devalvation of spiritual qualities
that had been accumulated for all the last period of their exploitation by technological
stage of evolvement of the mankind. The author considers that if the modern legal states
are based on the legislative, executive and juridical powers, then the future states
should include also independent ecological power with its legal base and international
grants. Radiation ecology in spite of the exclusive specificity, should be considered in
the complex of common ecological tension, including social, moral and political aspects of
anthropology on the whole. Proceeding from these general tenets the objectives of
investigations of human ecology or ecological anthropology in research institutions of
Georgia are considered.
Georgian Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation
Ecology Department of Radiation Physiology
"Radiation Studies" Vol.6, 1991, Tbilisi, pp. 171-221, Article in Russian
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